baa boom, oops there goes another rubber tree, oops there goes another rubber tree plantShiveluch volcano news and updates
latest (2014) | Aug-Dec 2013 | Feb-Jul 2013 | archive
Wednesday, Nov 19, 2014
Shiveluch volcano (Kamchatka): several ash plumes up to 9 km altitude
A series of eruptions occurred during the past days from the volcano's growing lava dome. Tokyo VAAC issued alerts about ash plumes rising up to 30,000 ft (9 km) altitude. ...more
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
Article by Jessica Ball
Volcanic Eruptions
The most common type of volcanic eruption occurs when magma (the term for lava when it is below the Earth's surface) is released from a volcanic vent. Eruptions can be effusive, where lava flows like a thick, sticky liquid, or explosive, where fragmented lava explodes out of a vent. In explosive eruptions, the fragmented rock may be accompanied by ash and gases; in effusive eruptions, degassing is common but ash is usually not.
Volcanologists classify eruptions into several different types. Some are named for particular volcanoes where the type of eruption is common; others concern the resulting shape of the eruptive products or the place where the eruptions occur. Here are some of the most common types of eruptions:
Hawaiian Eruption
In a Hawaiian eruption, fluid basaltic lava is thrown into the air in jets from a vent or line of vents (a fissure) at the summit or on the flank of a volcano. The jets can last for hours or even days, a phenomenon known as fire fountaining. The spatter created by bits of hot lava falling out of the fountain can melt together and form lava flows, or build hills called spatter cones. Lava flows may also come from vents at the same time as fountaining occurs, or during periods where fountaining has paused. Because these flows are very fluid, they can travel miles from their source before they cool and harden.
Hawaiian eruptions get their names from the Kilauea volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, which is famous for producing spectacular fire fountains. Two excellent examples of these are the 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu eruption on the volcano's flank, and the 1959 eruption of the Kilauea Iki Crater at the summit of Kilauea. In both of these eruptions, lava fountains reached heights of well over a thousand feet.
Strombolian Eruption
Strombolian eruptions are distinct bursts of fluid lava (usually basalt or basaltic andesite) from the mouth of a magma-filled summit conduit. The explosions usually occur every few minutes at regular or irregular intervals. The explosions of lava, which can reach heights of hundreds of meters, are caused by the bursting of large bubbles of gas, which travel upward in the magma-filled conduit until they reach the open air.
This kind of eruption can create a variety of forms of eruptive products: spatter, or hardened globs of glassy lava; scoria, which are hardened chunks of bubbly lava; lava bombs, or chunks of lava a few cm to a few m in size; ash; and small lava flows (which form when hot spatter melts together and flows downslope). Products of an explosive eruption are often collectively called tephra.
Strombolian eruptions are often associated with small lava lakes, which can build up in the conduits of volcanoes. They are one of the least violent of the explosive eruptions, although they can still be very dangerous if bombs or lava flows reach inhabited areas. Strombolian eruptions are named for the volcano that makes up the Italian island of Stromboli, which has several erupting summit vents. These eruptions are particularly spectacular at night, when the lava glows brightly.
Vulcanian Eruption
A Vulcanian eruption is a short, violent, relatively small explosion of viscous magma (usually andesite, dacite, or rhyolite). This type of eruption results from the fragmentation and explosion of a plug of lava in a volcanic conduit, or from the rupture of a lava dome (viscous lava that piles up over a vent). Vulcanian eruptions create powerful explosions in which material can travel faster than 350 meters per second (800 mph) and rise several kilometers into the air. They produce tephra, ash clouds, and pyroclastic density currents (clouds of hot ash, gas and rock that flow almost like fluids).
Vulcanian eruptions may be repetitive and go on for days, months, or years, or they may precede even larger explosive eruptions. They are named for the Italian island of Vulcano, where a small volcano that experienced this type of explosive eruption was thought to be the vent above the forge of the Roman smith god Vulcan.
Plinian Eruption
The largest and most violent of all the types of volcanic eruptions are Plinian eruptions. They are caused by the fragmentation of gassy magma, and are usually associated with very viscous magmas (dacite and rhyolite). They release enormous amounts of energy and create eruption columns of gas and ash that can rise up to 50 km (35 miles) high at speeds of hundreds of meters per second. Ash from an eruption column can drift or be blown hundreds or thousands of miles away from the volcano. The eruption columns are usually shaped like a mushroom (similar to a nuclear explosion) or an Italian pine tree; Pliny the Younger, a Roman historian, made the comparison while viewing the 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius, and Plinian eruptions are named for him.
Plinian eruptions are extremely destructive, and can even obliterate the entire top of a mountain, as occurred at Mount St. Helens in 1980. They can produce falls of ash, scoria and lava bombs miles from the volcano, and pyroclastic density currents that raze forests, strip soil from bedrock and obliterate anything in their paths. These eruptions are often climactic, and a volcano with a magma chamber emptied by a large Plinian eruption may subsequently enter a period of inactivity.
Lava Domes
Lava domes form when very viscous, rubbly lava (usually andesite, dacite or rhyolite) is squeezed out of a vent without exploding. The lava piles up into a dome, which may grow by inflating from the inside or by squeezing out lobes of lava (something like toothpaste coming out of a tube). These lava lobes can be short and blobby, long and thin, or even form spikes that rise tens of meters into the air before they fall over. Lava domes may be rounded, pancake-shaped, or irregular piles of rock, depending on the type of lava they form from.
Lava domes are not just passive piles of rock; they can sometimes collapse and form pyroclastic density currents, extrude lava flows, or experience small and large explosive eruptions (which may even destroy the domes!) A dome-building eruption may go on for months or years, but they are usually repetitive (meaning that a volcano will build and destroy several domes before the eruption ceases). Redoubt volcano in Alaska and Chaiten in Chile are currently active examples of this type of eruption, and Mount St. Helens in the state of Washington spent several years building several lava domes.
Surtseyan Eruption
Surtseyan eruptions are a kind of hydromagmatic eruption, where magma or lava interacts explosively with water. In most cases, Surtseyan eruptions occur when an undersea volcano has finally grown large enough to break the water's surface; because water expands when it turns to steam, water that comes into contact with hot lava explodes and creates plumes of ash, steam and scoria. Lavas created by a Surtseyan eruption tend to be basalt, since most oceanic volcanoes are basaltic.
The classic example of a Surtseyan eruption was the volcanic island of Surtsey, which erupted off the south coast of Iceland between 1963 and 1965. Hydromagmatic activity built up several square kilometers of tephra over the first several months of the eruption; eventually, seawater could no longer reach the vent, and the eruption transitioned to Hawaiian and Strombolian styles. More recently, in March 2009, several vents of the volcanic island of Hunga Ha'apai near Tonga began to erupt. The onshore and offshore explosions created plumes of ash and steam that rose to more than 8 km (5 miles) altitude, and threw plumes of tephra hundreds of meters from the vents.
What Determines Eruption Type
The crystal and gas content and temperature of a magma help determine a volcano's eruption style.
-- Crystals in magma make it more viscous, so magma with a high crystal content is more likely to explode than flow.
-- Gases create explosions if they cannot easily escape from viscous magma, but they can also be released without explosions (or with only minor ones) from fluid magma.
-- High-temperature magmas usually erupt effusively, while low-temperature magmas cannot flow easily and are more likely to erupt explosively.
Shiveluch volcano news and updates
latest (2014) | Aug-Dec 2013 | Feb-Jul 2013 | archive
Wednesday, Nov 19, 2014
Shiveluch volcano (Kamchatka): several ash plumes up to 9 km altitude
A series of eruptions occurred during the past days from the volcano's growing lava dome. Tokyo VAAC issued alerts about ash plumes rising up to 30,000 ft (9 km) altitude. ...more
[read all]
Thursday, Oct 30, 2014
Shiveluch volcano (Kamchatka): eruption sends ash plume to 9 km altitude
An ash plume was reported last evening rising to approx. 30,000 ft (9 km) altitude and extending east (Tokyo VAAC). ...more
Wednesday, Sep 24, 2014
Shiveluch volcano (Kamchatka): strong explosion with pyroclastic flows, ash plume to 11 km altitude
Eruption plume from Shiveluch's explosion on 24 Sep (photo: Y. Demyanchuk/Volkstat.ru)
Eruption plume from Shiveluch's explosion on 24 Sep (photo: Y. Demyanchuk/Volkstat.ru)
A powerful explosion occurred at the volcano today (24 Sep) at 12:41 local time, producing an ash plume that rose to 38,000 ft (11 km) altitude. It generated several pyroclastic flows, some of which surpassed the 350 m high western caldera wall. ...more
[read all]
Monday, Jul 07, 2014
Shiveluch volcano (Kamchatka) activity update
Eruption from Shiveluch volcano yesterday (KVERT webcam)
Eruption from Shiveluch volcano yesterday (KVERT webcam)
Several small to moderate explosions occurred at the active lava dome during the past days. Ash plumes were reported to up to 27,000 ft (8 km) altitude.
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Tuesday, Jul 01, 2014
Shiveluch volcano (Kamchatka) activity update
Explosion at Shiveluch volcano yesterday evening (KVERT webcam)
Explosion at Shiveluch volcano yesterday evening (KVERT webcam)
A moderate explosion occurred at the volcano yesterday evening (or this morning in local time). An ash plume rose to approx. 23,000 ft (7 km) altitude. ...more
info on eruptions ongoing..
Volcano News - John Seach
November 2014
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Tuesday 18th November 2014
Heard Island volcano, Australian Territory, South Indian Ocean
Satellite image shows hotspot over Heard Island volcano, Australian territory, indicating new eruption, 16th November 2014.
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Wednesday 5th November 2014
Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
Lava from Kilauea volcano continues to flow towards Pāhoa, Hawaii. The flow front has temporarily stalled, but breakouts and inflation are occurring 160 m upslope. This indicates lava is still flowing through the system from Pu'u 'Ō'ō crater. Residents in the lava flow path have been advised of possible evacuation. Access to Pahoa Village Road, between Apaa Street and the Post Office Road, is limited to residents only. Highway 130 remains open, but may be closed as lava approaches. Residents of Pāhoa village heard methane explosions.
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Tuesday 28th October 2014
Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
Lava from Kilauea volcano has flowed across Apa'a Street and passed through Pahoa cemetery. Houses and a school are at risk of destruction in the next few days.
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Wednesday 1st October 2014
Ontake volcano, Japan
An eruption of Ontake volcano, Japan on 27th September caused up to 48 fatalities. Ontake is the second highest volcano in Japan.
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Tuesday 23rd September 2014
Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu
Lava lake activity continues at the summit of Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu. On 11th September 2014 the alert status of Ambrym was raised from 1 to 2 (on a scale of 0 to 4) due to increased seismicity.
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Sunday 14th September 2014
Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
In September 2014 lava from Pu'u O'o crater flowed to within 300 m of Kaohe Homesteads. Kilauea volcano was raised to highest alert level WARNING on 4th September 2014.
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Friday 29th August 2014
Rabaul Volcano, Papua New Guinea
A large explosive eruption occurred at Tarvurvur crater on 28th August 2014. Ash emissions reached an altitude of 60,000 ft.
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Sunday 24th August 2014
Bárdarbunga Volcano, Iceland
A subglacial eruption began at Bárðarbunga volcano, Iceland on 23rd August 2014 at 11:18. A magnitude 5.3 earthquake hit under volcano on 24th August 2014. The eruption was preceded by an earthquake swarm which began on 16th August 2014. An intrusion, 25 km long, formed beneath Dyngjujökull, at a depth of 5-10 km.
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Saturday 23rd August 2014
Bárdarbunga Volcano, Iceland
Seismic swarm continues at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland. On 21st August a magnitude 4.7 earthquake hit 4 km southeast of the volcano. So far most earthquakes at Bardarbunga are at a depth, 8-12 km and caused by magma movement.
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Sunday 17th August 2014
Bárdarbunga Volcano, Iceland
An earthquake swarm began under Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland on 16th August 2014. Bárdarbunga volcano is located under NW part of the Vatnajökull icecap in southeastern Iceland.
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Tuesday 12th August 2014
Bagana Volcano, Papua New Guinea
Ash emissions from Bagana volcano reached 25,000 ft on 12th August 2014.
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Saturday 5th July 2014
Ambang Volcano, Indonesia
Ambang volcano, Sulawesi was raised to level 2 alert on 3rd July 2014 after an increase in shallow earthquakes. A 1.5 radius exclusion zone was placed around the crater.
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Saturday 31st May 2014
Sangeang Api Volcano, Indonesia
An eruption of Sangeang Api volcano, Indonesia occurred on 30th May 2014. Ash reached an altitude of 50,000 ft and extended 3000 km southeast to western Queensland, Australia. Flights were cancelled from Darwin, Australia.
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Saturday 5th April 2014
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
Observations during a visit to Sinabung during last week of March showed continued activity at the volcano. At night a glowing lava dome was visible and glowing avalanches from the lava flow. Sounds of avalanches could be heard from areas close to the volcano. A 5 km radius exclusion zone remains in place around the volcano. Several villages have been permanently evacuated and residents are being relocated. Sinabung volcano has been on the highest level of alert RED since 24th November 2013.
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Monday 17th March 2014
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
Activity continues at Sinabung volcano, Indonesia. During the week 8-15 March 2014 earthquake tremor was recorded at the volcano. An average of 5 volcanic earthquakes were measured per day indicating intrusion of magma. Avalanche earthquakes produced by growth of lava dome have increased over past week with an average of 223 events per day. A 5 km radius exclusion zone continues around volcano. Sinabung remains on highest level of alert (AWAS).
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Friday 14th February 2014
Kelut Volcano, Indonesia
A major eruption occurred at Kelut volcano (Kelud), Indonesia on 13th February 2014. The eruption was heard 200 km away in Yogyakarta. Ash reached an altitude of 55,000 ft and extended 500 nautical miles WSW. A 10 km exclusion zone was placed around the volcano, and 200,000 people ordered to evacuate. Kelut volcano has a history of dangerous eruptions.
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Monday 3rd February 2014
Kelut Volcano, Indonesia
Kelut volcano, Indonesia was raised to level 2 alert (Waspada) on 2nd February 2014. Between 22-31 January 2014 there were 234 shallow volcanic earthquakes recorded at the volcano. Earthquakes had a focus of 2-8 km depth. Water in the crater increased by 5.5 degrees Celsius. A 2 km radius exclusion zone was placed around the crater.
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Saturday 1st February 2014
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
On 1st February 2014, at least 14 people were killed by a pyroclastic flow inside the restricted zone at Sinabung volcano, Indonesia. A large eruption sent the burning cloud into Sukameriah village 2.7 kilometres from the volcano's crater. More victims are suspected but rescue teams were prevented from entering the area due to the risk of more pyroclastic flows. The restricted zone is between 5-7 km radius from the crater. Sinabung volcano began erupting in 2010 after being dormant for centuries.
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Wednesday 22nd January 2014
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
During an expedition to Sinabung volcano, Sumatra in January 2014 John Seach observed eruptions. Pyroclastic flows were descending the southeast flank of the volcano with a runout distance of 5 km. On 14th January there were almost continuous pyroclastic flows. The eruption was accompanied by ash emission from two locations on the summit of the volcano. Pyroclastic flows were approaching close the the edge of the exclusion zone. Heavy ashfall occurred on the south and southwest of the volcano causing damage to crops.
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Tuesday 2nd January 2014
Vanua Lava Volcano, Indonesia
A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hit 20 km west of Vanuatu Lava volcano, Vanuatu on 2nd January 2014. The earthquake focus was at depth of 200 km. The volcano is also known as Mt Suretamatai. It last erupted 1965 simultaneously with nearby Gaua volcano.
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Tuesday 2nd January 2014
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
Ash emissions at Sinabung volcano, Sumatra reached 20,000 ft altitude on 2nd January 2014. In the past 24 hours there have been continuous eruptions and pyroclastic flows. Almost 20,000 people have been evacuated. The volcano has remained on RED alert for the past 39 days.
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Tuesday 17th December 2013
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
Seismic activity has increased at Sinabung volcano in Sumatra. On 14th December 1000 earthquakes were recorded at the volcano. Magma has been detected at a depth of 2 km. A 5 km radius exclusion zone has been placed around the volcano. Sinabung volcano remains on RED alert.
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Tuesday 10th December 2013
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
Large eruption occurred at Sinabung volcano, Sumatra on 10th December 2013. Ash reached altitude 38,000 ft and extended 50 nautical miles northwest. Sinabung volcano is located in northern Sumatra adjacent to the town of Berastagi. Eruptions began in 2010 after being dormant for 1200 years.
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Sunday 1st December 2013
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
Eruptions continue at Sinabung volcano, Sumatra. Almost 18,000 people have been evacuated. The volcano remains at the highest level of alert (AWAS).
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Monday 25th November 2013
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
An increase in activity has occurred at Sinabung volcano, Sumatra over the past week. On 18th November 2013 ash emissions reached altitude of 37,000 ft. On 24th November Sinabung was raised to the maximum level 4 alert (awas). Four centimetre diameter projectiles were ejected 4 kilometres from volcano. A 5 km radius exclusion zone has been placed around the volcano, and 15,000 people evacuated. Relief supplies needed include masks, clothing, blankets, mats, baby food, sanitation, psychosocial, and health services.
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Thursday 21st November 2013
Nishino-shima Volcano, Indonesia
An eruption of Nishino-shima Volcano, Japan occurred on 20th November 2013. The eruption created a small island. Nishino-shima Volcano is located 950 km south of Tokyo, in the volcano islands. It has a volume of 534 cubic km. Between 1974 and 2013 there were several unconfirmed underwater eruptions at the volcano.
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Monday 18th November 2013
Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
An eruption occurred at Merapi volcano, Indonesia on 18th November 2013. Ash reached an altitude of 6500 ft and drifted 40 km east to the city of Solo.
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Monday 18th November 2013
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
A large eruption of Sinabung volcano in Sumatra occurred on 18th November. Ash emissions reached 37,000 ft altitude and extended 35 nautical miles west.
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Thursday 14th November 2013
Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu
Over the past month increased activity has occurred at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu. A large amount of ash emissions have caused widespread damage to vegetation on Tanna Island. Ashfall was reported at Erromango Island 150 km north of Yasur volcano. On the evening of 3rd November 2013 John Seach witnessed large strombolian eruptions at Yasur. Explosions sent molten lava bombs up to 4 m diameter 250 m from the vent. Bombs were expelled onto the outside flanks of the cone, putting visitors at risk. The eruptions were some of the largest at the volcano since 1995.
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Saturday 26th October 2013
Zhupanovsky Volcano, Kamchatka
Explosive eruption began at Zhupanovsky volcano, Kamchatka on 23rd October 2013. Ash emissions reached 16,000 ft altitude and extended 75 km southeast of the volcano. Zhupanovsky volcano is located in eastern Kamchatka, 65 km north of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The last eruption of the volcano was in 1957.
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Thursday 17th October 2013
Klyuchevskoy Volcano, Kamchatka
Renewed eruptions began at Klyuchevskoy volcano, Kamchatka on 15th October 2013. The eruption was preceded by strong seismicity. Strombolian and Vulcanian eruptions occurred, and lava flows on the south-western, western and south-eastern volcanic flanks. Ash emissions reached 32,000 ft altitude and extended 480 km northwest, and 150 km southwest of the volcano. Klyuchevskoy is Kamchatka's highest and most active volcano. The volcano contains a 700 m wide summit crater. Between 500 m and 3600 m elevation there are about 80 lateral explosive vents and scoria cones.
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Saturday 12th October 2013
White Island Volcano, New Zealand
A small eruption occurred at White Island volcano on 12th October 2013. The eruption lasted one minute and produced ash emissions which covered the crater floor. New Zealand Geonet said if the eruption occurred during the day it may have been life threatening to visitors.
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Thursday 3rd October 2013
Heard Island Volcano, Australian Territory
Pilot reports ash emissions at Heard Island volcano, southern Indian Ocean. Satellite image shows hotspot at summit on 1st October 2013.
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Thursday 19th September 2013
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
Eruption of Sinabung volcano in Sumatra occurred on 15th September. Ash emissions reached altitude of 20,000 ft. 15,000 people were evacuated from 11 villages, and a 3 km radius exclusion zone was places around the volcano. 250 people were treated for respiratory and eye problems.
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Tuesday 20th August 2013
Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
Kilauea volcano remains active with lava flowing into the sea near Kupapa'u Point outside the national park boundary. At the summit a lava lake 220 m x 160 m is located in a pit 35 m below the floor of Halemaumau crater. The Kahauale'a 2 lava flow has been burning forest on the east rift zone.
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Tuesday 20th August 2013
Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala
Seismic activity increased at Pacaya volcano, Guatemala on 20th August 2013, indicating magma ascent. Pacaya is one of the world's most active volcanoes. It lies approximately 25 km south of Guatemala City. Activity at the volcano consists of strombolian eruptions, ash eruptions, and lava flows.
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Tuesday 20th August 2013
White Island Volcano, New Zealand
A small eruption occurred at White Island volcano on 20th August 2013. The eruption lasted 10 minutes and sent a plume to an altitude of 4000 m. The eruption occurred in a area of recent bubbling mud. The eruption was preceded by a short period of intense volcanic tremor the previous day. White Island is at level 2 alert (on scale of 0 to maximum 5).
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Monday 12th August 2013
Paluweh Volcano, Indonesia
An eruption occurred at Paluweh volcano, Indonesia on 11th August. Volcanic ash reached a height of 14,000 ft and extended 70 nautical miles west. The eruption resulted in 6 fatalities and 3000 people from Palue Island have been evacuated. The paroxysmal phase of the eruption lasted 7 minutes.
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Sunday 21st July 2013
Makura Volcano, Vanuatu
A magnitude 4.5 earthquake occurred under Makura volcano, Vanuatu on 20th July 2013. Makura is a little known volcano in central Vanuatu. It's summit lies on the island of Emae.
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