:-[ L1 impulse is superemposed on L2 so I do not have the equal voltage point, as L2 is a wave.
I should measure L1 before L2, at the source of the capacitor.
pfff.... ok
breaktime

here you can see the measurement error.
yellow is the L2 impulse
orange is the impulse at L1 (mosfet Source)
44nS isn't much, but if the voltage wave of L2 is bigger, then the difference will grow.
maybe it's just details.. but I like it to be prefect.

another measurement error occurs
The L4 ripple, which shows up when tuning above resonance, is not equal in duration.
it's a complex wave form, with shorter and faster parts, which is also due to the waveform of L4 is super emposed on the waveform of L3, as L3 and L4 are series connected. so again the same measurement error occurs, I think I am in the ballpark right now, so I'll have to let go, and trust my intuition, continuing to tune the C2

the bigger i make the bigger L4 voltage wave becomes.
this is at 166.93 kc/s
 with C3(l3) 8nF,
and C2(L2) 61nF,
L1 has 6x68pF parallel to it

impulse is slightly more than -1000V with around 600ns duration
SCR106:
L4 shows 5.6kV peak to peak (orange)
L4 current is 8.7 A peak to peak (green)

this is with the pintek PA-622 current probe which has a pretty big offset above 100kc/s
http://www.pintek.com.tw/customer/pintek/upload/PA-622-Manual.pdf

for comparison, scr108.png
shows current (green) 14.44A
 and voltage (orange) of L3 2127V
Notice the phase shift of current and voltage, compared to the L4 measurement (scr106)

so I tune C2(L2) slowly down by adding more capacity, from 16nF to 61 nF
The freqeuncy only dropped a bit. while the amplitude of L4 steadily became bigger.
This is not what I expected, I hoped to find a perfect sine wave, that gave a big rise, when tuned properly, to the right harmonic.

It's now time, to again connect a load. But this time a high impedance one.
I bought resistive wire, so that might prove usefull.

bY ADDING CAPCITY oops capslock
by adding capacity parallel to L1 the ripple of L1 also became more controlleable, also incombination with a small 8nF capacity parallel to L3, which keeps the frequency high

I just drew an arc from L4 inside rim to ground, looked good. But not as powerfull as I had hoped for.

for comparison, I removed the parallel caps of L1, which makes the impulse faster and higher in voltage.
This resulted in a lower voltage L4 (4.77kV)
While the impulse was around -1800V
scr109

scr106 is for comparison, with the caps parallel to L1

It makes me wonder, if the impulse should be tuned to the L3 current. for max current on L3. as L3 acts as the recieving plate for the impulse.
This would mean the L3 base frequncy should be measured, which can be done by removing the parallel capacitor

for comparison, the L3 current and voltage green and orange, without the cap over l1
scr110
11.52A and 1.805V peak to peak on L3

and scr108 shows with the cap
shows current (green) 14.44A
 and voltage (orange) of L3 2127V

So the impulse is faster and higher in voltage (bigger displacement current induction)
But the amplification is less.
So it does make sense to tune the impulse of L1, to the right duration

using the impulse as to make the primary displacement to become overall negagive

the dc offset circuit, works as a pump
the impulse charges up a capacitor, because it has a diode to ground.

this diode only passes one direction of the voltage of the impulse, so when the second half of the impulse returns to zero,
the voltage of the capacitor becomes positive.

the positive voltage of the capacitor can then be charged again in another capacitor like a ciphon.

Now using a dc offset on the L2 or L3 coil was interresting, but seems useless when combined with the AC voltages of the resonant coils.

but maybe I can use it differently.
what if L2 and L3 are to be seen as two plates of a capacitor, that is being charged.

the L2 impulse, is inducing the L3 plate, creating a negative voltage. So what if I give L3 a diode to ground?

then the second half of the impulse of L2 should accumulate as a positive voltage on L3.

L3 then recieves a positive DC charge.
which then can be ciphoned off by a second capacitor that only allows positive voltage to flow out.

this would mean the displacement current between the L2 and L3 becomes unidirectional. because only the positive flows out.

this is then a charge pump.

very interesting.
 :shocked:

I put a diode between L3 (secondary) outside rim, and ground, passing negative voltage to ground.
L4 (orange) now has an positive DC offset.
Note how the impulse on L2 (yellow) wants to "dip" L4
scr111

What would happen, when I reverse the diode?
only one way to find out. reverse it.

OK, reversed diode, and now L4 has negative DC offset, still showing the dip during impulse)
src112

scr114 shows L3 voltage with diode passing negative voltage to ground
scr113 shows L3 voltage with diode passing positive voltage to ground

So again the DC offset is clearly visible. And again the impulse is seen on L3

clearly voltage is being shifted. "pumped"

now, I will add another diode to L4 to pump it out, into an external capacitor, which can be resistive loaded

Now I put a diode from L4 to a capacitor to ground.
the diode is reverse polarity then the L3 diode to ground.
So L3 passes negative to ground
and L4 passes the positive.
I tested it, and yes the L4 diode charges the capacitor up with positive voltage.

Now I wonder, is there a negative current flowing towards ground at L3?

interesting.
I put my current probe on the ground wire of L3.
it shows a 342mA peak to peak sine wave
this is at 168kc/s
so not an accurate measurement with my pintek pa-622 (300kc/s) probe

but... the ground is oscilating.
lets check the voltage of the ground...

orange=L3 yellow=L2 green= ground wire of L3

I put the (orange) high voltage probe on ground.  scr116
It shows a lot of noise, but no voltage swing.
I should measure again with a 1:1 probe

scr117 is with a 1:1 probe

I used a zvs with flyback diode and hv cap to make dc sparks.
They scared me, as they were louder than fire work. and bright white.

Now I wonder what it does with the temperature of the electrodes.

would they remain cool?

the Rotating magnetic field was used by Tesla in his AC motor.

but his impulses can be used to create a rotating dielectric field, due to the displacement current it induces.
Maxwell said displacement current is also a magnetic current.
but I do not agree.
it's a dielectric current, passing through the dielectric material, which can induce a magnetic current again.

a dielectric current, in a single displacement direction should result in field propulsion!

this is what Thomas Townsend Brown probably also realised.
slowly charging up a capacitor with transverse currents.
Then rapidly discharging the capacitor produces a longitudinal displacement current in a single direction.
This produces thrust.
as the displaced Aether has the property of intertia.

positive sawtooth wave, made with my new spark gap. very constant, and looks like very high frequency 70kc/s but need to check time base to make sure. seems a bit fast for a spark gap.
I can increase the gap 3x. its now around 1mm
spark is nice white

So the impulse, induces 2 equal but opposite direction displacent currents, between L2 and L3.
First the impulse goes from zero to max negative voltage.
Then the second half of the impulse (the second quarter wave) the voltage goes from max negative back to zero.

I imagine, the flow going into L2, and flowing out of L2, as a longitudinal displacement.

I do not see a way how to shape these from the source, which is the impulse on L2.
It is equal. symmetric.

but... I can shape them on L3.
L3 recieves this push and pull from L2, these 2 opposite polarity aether currents.

The first, amplifies the current in L3. Which is great. but... what does the second do?
It should interact with L4 if you ask me.
but how?

Well, here comes the DC offset circuit back in use, that I didn't use anymore, as it didnt make sense.
The 2 diodes, and the one capacitor, made a dc offset, on L2.
but how it works, is using the 2 halfs of the impulse.

First half charges the cap, as the flow goes to ground.
second half of the impulse, changes the polarity of the voltage of the capacitor (like a bootstrap cap does)
and pushes the voltage through the other diode that opens up for the positive, and give the charge to L2.

Now, this cap, is L2 L3  capacitor!!!
and thus the diodes are connected at both ends of L3.
one diode on its outside rim, to ground. allowing the displacement current to flow to ground, and in doing so, amplifying the current of L3, AND charging the capacitor up.

The other diode is at the inside rim of L3 and connects to L4 (L4 would be the L2 coil that gets the offset).
So now L4 gets to see the opposite displacement current.

So now we have divided the 2 aether displacement  currents. one flows to ground, and the other to L4.
one magnifies the current of L3 and the other? should maginify L4!

But to do so, L4 should be 180 degrees phase shifted. so counter rotated. flipped over.
another option, is to make L4 a bucking coil, but I think that only would be needed to lign L4 up with a very fast impulse.

L3 and L4 need to be tuned to the impulse.
L3 needs the max current amplification,
L4, when flipped over, should also be amplified.

Now also, since we split the displacement current on the recieving side (L3), we could give them diffent impedances.
one flows to ground, so the impedance is dependend on the ground connection, which should be low.

But the other flows into L4. L4 is not tuned, it mostly has inductance, and thus, its impedance should be higher than the ground impedance of L3.

This difference in impedance, should make a speed change between the 2 displacement currents that are going back and forth from the impulse.

if we present L4 with a load, the speed diffenrce will even become higher.
This is good, and needed. As I already showed in the FIELD PROPULSION video of 1,5 weeks back.
A fast displacement causes  the AEther to move longitudinaly, and move a volume of AETHER that has INERTIA.
This Inertia, is what creates the force.
and the force is now, in a single direction.
The high impednace slows the other direction of the displacement current down, which makes it transverse.

This is the basic dynamic of a ring vortex.
inside the center ring, the flow is longitudinal. and fast.
then the flow turns sideways on the propagation direction. it becomes transverse, it grows in size, and slows down.
Basiccaly thats only one half of the cycle of the ring vortex, but I assume the circle is completed by the L1 and L2 fields.
Not so sure about that...

So I tested the diodes on L3, and I could create a dc offset on L3. so that works, the L2 L3 capaictor is charged by the impulse.
I also reversed the L4, but didn't see any benefit as I recall.

But I didn't load it.
And loading it is essential.

Because then the DC offset doesnt charge up.
then the charge keeps on flowing into the capacitor bank of the rectifier, and into the load where it is transmuted into heat light or power.

So that first fast flow, isn't seen by the load.
And that first displacement current, comes from the L1 coil, and its magnetic field.
Al it does, is amplify the current of L3, but it does not flow into the load.

the second half of the impulse, is produced by the rresonant transformation of L1. and is free. as it already did work in L3.

One displacement flows into the system, as an implosion.
the other displacement current flows out of the sytem, as a explosion pressure wave.

from experiments, the positive voltage to negative, flows out. explosive.
but the second half, from negative to positive, flows in, implosive.
also not very sure on this.
But I saw a flame acting weird at the positive and negative terminals of a high voltage bowl.
positive pushed the flame away.
negative, made the flame look like it was on the ISS, weightless. it became round, and didnt move sideways.
very strange, as if gravity fell away.

So a massless force?

ahh... I just need to play a lot more... and see what happens.
but this time with a load, and with the diodes attached to the inside and outside rim of L3.

I've drawn out the displacement currents for both the the first and second half of the impulse

L2 produces the displacement current
L3 recieves it, and directs it using diodes.

L3 outside rim is grounded through a positive passing diode.
L3 inside rim is series connected through a series diode that passes negative voltage.

the result is a continuous inflow on the L4 center hole. due to the implosion/vacuum created.

this creates a negative voltage DC offset on L3, but it is pumped into L4, from where it can charge a cap bank (using negative passing diode again)
testing should be done under load (tested without load before, which gives high voltage dc offset) the load keeps the voltage down, so the negative keeps passing through the series diode of L3 L4

using diodes around L3 makes it ungrounded, and produces a weaker sinewave, with a bump on L3.

So instead, I used diodes around L4. The open end now has a lower voltage then before the diode.
and both diodes are directed the same.

I wonder If I can ground the L4 inside rim diode, or flip L4 over, and ground the outside rim through the diode.

but this isn't directing the displacement currents anymore...

I guess I didnt realise, L3 needs to be grounded

I started tuneing again, without the diodes, as that doesn't make sense.

I added 8x68pf 3kV ceramic caps in parallel with L1 to get a 600nS impulse. I will ad another 68pF cap or maybe 2, to get a match to the L4 extra coil, which has a frequency of 800kc/s and a half period of, 625nS.
Then the impulse (half wave) matches the L4 frequency.

I was playing with the capacity, and with lower freqeuncies, where the C3(L3) cap is large (60nF) the current is not as much amplified in L3.

But most interesting, is that L4 clearly shows it's fundamental frequency of 800kc/s. no matter if I tune L2 L3 to a fundamental lower octave.

But When I make the capacity of L3 (c3) small enough (12nF), to get current amplification on L3 (19A pp ), then the L4 becomes almost smooth sine wave, equal to the L3 voltage (but much higher).

It is as if the displacement of the L2 impulse, pushes the L4 into a single revolution (equal to L3 127kc/s). instead of the many oscillations of its fundamental higher frequency (800kc/s).

So I will continue tuning, until I have a perfect sine wave on L4, that is equal in frequency to L3.

Testing was done unloaded, with a 1kV impulse

Finally I did what I knew could be done.
No output yet...

I tuned the impulse of the L1 coil so it matches the L4 Extra coil.
I did this by adding 9x68pF (3kV cerarmic)= 612pF in parallel with L1. This now gives a 625nS impulse.
Curious is to see, the speed of the impulse gets higher (higher res freq of L1) when the frequency of the system is tuned higher.
Which is done by decreasing the capacity parallel to L3. This also amplified the current of L3 (which is counter intuitive, as normally a smaller capacity, produces higher voltages and lower currents.
But not with the magnifying transmitter as Tesla already confirmed way back, when he was questioned by his attorneys.

Also curious to see, is that when the capacity parallel to L3 is to big, the L4 extra coil wil show its higher resonant freqeuncy (around 800kc/s). But when L3 is properly tuned, it's current is amplified, and the L4 coil shows a perfect sine wave.

Note how the current shifts in the two oscilloscope screenshots. The first green trace is for the current of L3 (inside rim)
The second green trace is the current of L4 (inside rim).
This current shift is AMAZING!

input power was 2.04A with 64.5V= 131.58W dc
L1 (impulse generator) has 612pF in parallel
L2 (primary series resonant) has 121nF in series
L3 (secondary parallel resonant) has 6nF in parallel (need to measure for exact values)
L4 (extra coil) is not tuned, but series connect to L3, from inside rim L3 to outside rim L4 (need to flip over and ground L4 to see what happens then at the series connection).

Both screenshots show:
yellow: voltage L2 (at series tuning cap)
green: current (L3 in t SCR07, L4 in  SCR09)
orange: L4 voltage (L3 voltage in last screenshot SCR10)
All values per Divisions are correct.

I start noticing some corona discharge what is to be expected at 5,5kV

Very glad I finally did it. Tune it as it should be.
The only thing still is, could I tune L2 better? it now produces large current, with low voltage, by having a large capacitor of 121nF

Edit: it looks like the L4 current is higher than the L3, but it isnt,
I had to redo the second screennshot, as it was distorted due to the corona discharges.
I checked again, and L3 is 20A pp.
Also the current probe is sensitive to placement, so it is likely that L4 is even lower in current, as the voltage is higher in L4 then it is in L3

I did another scope shot of both L3 volt and curent to compare.
it is added as the third screenshot SCR10,
 L3 has 2.2kV peak to peak

Current probe used is pintek PA-622, rated for 300khz but above 100khz, it has strong deviations in phase, and amplitude. So the current measurements are NOT CORRECT.
Still, the phase shift between the series connected L3 and L4 is clearly visible.

I suspected this would happen.
and yes it does!

I put my current probe on the ground line, arrow pointing towards system.
put the tuned system to full on (see previous post)
And I have a 5.7A peak to peak (green).
Measured with the 100mV/A pintek PA-622 current probe.

in orange, the voltage at the ground, probed with 1:1 probe. very high freqeuncy noise, around 10v pp.
yellow is the L2 impulse on the series resonant primary (high current not shown)

Again I don't think this is conduction current, but this is displacement current being measured, with the earth being a dielectric material. But AWESOME to see this happening.

This Is how Nikola Tesla used GROUND CURRENTS. Man he was so advanced! This is how he put the earth into resonance with his Wardenclyfe Tower.

Now the question rises... What more can we do with this Earth current? Could we pick it up elsewhere, with a tuned coil?