inductance measured at 10kc/s underload=31.97 uH
which is strange, because that was the measurement without load...
it should be lower around 9uH

Quote from evostars on March 29th, 2024, 02:19 AM

let me explain it simple.

using capacitive coupled solenoids is like pushing a swing from the side

while a capacitive coupled pancake coil is like pushing a swing from the back

Quote from evostars on March 29th, 2024, 02:12 AM

I tried solenoids
but they dont work as needed
and I understand why.

the trick to mix the displacement current with the magnetic current is much easier with a pancake coil.

I'm playing around with some solenoid coils (and your 2021 circuit), and it's surprising how much more the solenoid is de-tuned or dampened by the hand, or other conductors in close  proximity. Anything within arm's reach of the solenoid tesla coil throws it out of tune (though it also can light flourescent tubes from nearly 1m distance). Pancake coils seem to self contain/envelop/reinforce their dielectric field better? Suppose it makes sense :thinking:

Quote

I'm playing around with some solenoid coils (and your 2021 circuit), and it's surprising how much more the solenoid is de-tuned or dampened by the hand, or other conductors in close  proximity. Anything within arm's reach of the solenoid tesla coil throws it out of tune (though it also can light flourescent tubes from nearly 1m distance). Pancake coils seem to self contain/envelop/reinforce their dielectric field better? Suppose it makes sense :thinking:

it will Detune more when capacity is lower.
as any object or body will introduce small changes of capacitance.

if the capacity if the coil is already small, than these small changes can be perceived as large.

A tuned system with large capacity will not have such big noticeable changes.
( it will also have lower voltages and higher magnetic currents)

I made a tuning capacitor bank for parallel tuning the High Q high currents,
with:
10x 470nF
10x 100nF
10x 10nF
all Wima MKP2 100V
looking forward to using it

Premiering a new video on YouTube about tuning coils, that are capacitive coupled. High voltage and currents are created, that are IN phase. 8PM CET today

https://youtu.be/4EQlr4FkYcU

the april 2019 Radiant Power circuit
comes back to mind.

what if the L2 is coupled on both ends with equal size capacity, making it not series but semi parallel resonant with both.

Make the caps big, so high currents flow at a low frequency.

impulse it  so the high dv/dt is combined with the large capacity. for high displacement currents.

make the L3 a high voltage coil with small tuning capacity.

the load connecting to the HV L3 would not bother the lower Q, as voltage doesn't care for resistance, as magnetic fields do.

So close couple the high R load coil to the high voltage coil.

and leave some distance for the magnetic high current coil loose couple that one.
as it is influenced by the load resistance.

look at this current.
85A peak to peak.
and a full wave.
I need a half wave.
So I will need another blocking diode, to prevent the High current coil from becoming resonant with the 1nF DC square wave capacitor. But that will also block the discharge so a diode wont work...

how am I going to figure this out?
A choke...
with the cap on one side, and the discharge mosfet on the other side? No I tried that. it still rings like a bell.

I found the solution which makes it unipolar.

Make the coil bifilar and connect the 1nF square wave capacitor to the center series connection.

the capacitor sees no inductance , as from its connection both windings are counter woumd and cancel each other out

I tested it and the current is now a halfwave.

Ignore  the 20uF and 1 uF
thats wrong.

the total inductance of the bifilar is now much higher around 125uH
it thus demands a much smaller tuning capacitor.

I thus expected a much lower current, but to my surprise it went up to 63A pp never had this before.

My only explanation is that the displacement current of the high voltage coil, first induces a voltage om one of the 2 bifilar windings, charging up the coils capacity. which then results in the huge current.

But although it is a big surprise to have this large current with such small tuning capacity (around 400nF)

the biggest surprise is still to come, when I put the square on to it.

I need to use the electrostatic,
and now it is dampened by the pbc coating on the speaker wire.
so I want bare copper air coils.

Tesla was very clear about the electrostatic effects in his 1890’s lectures

https://www.arrl.org/files/file/Technology/tis/info/pdf/9708033.pdf

I can make bare copper pancake coils if I use a nylon single core separator wire in between the windings, which later is removed.

first a bamboo frame is made, then the nylon wire is atrached.

next the bare copper is wound in between the nylon separator.

once the copper is fixated to the bamboo the nylon can be removed.

Although I do think this method is better using solenoids on pvc formers as seen in the pdf article

 "In all cases, then, when we excite luminosity in exhausted tubes by means of such a coil, the effect is due to the rapidly alternating electrostatic potential; and, furthermore, it must be attributed to the harmonic alternation produced directly by the machine, and not to any superimposed vibration which might be thought to exist. Such superimposed vibrations are impossible when we work with an alternate current machine. If a spring be gradually tightened and released, it does not perform independent vibrations; for this a sudden release is necessary. So with the alternate currents from a dynamo machine; the medium is harmonically strained and released, this giving rise to only one kind of waves; a sudden contact or break, or a sudden giving way of the dielectric, as in the disruptive discharge of a Leyden jar, are essential for the production of superimposed waves."

So a quarter wave is needed not a square wave.
slow rise of potential fast decrease .

I already knew this!

superimposed waves. gaining higher and higher longitudinal pressures ,like a energy shield.

oh man. this is good.

from Tesla's 1891 lecture

it is nice to see step charge and out put gathering and compounding 
thank you

I still have this copper tube coil, and a heavy copper rod that fits inside.
It was part of a spark gap experiment.

lets pic it up again.

use a flyback to step charge a cap which is discharged through a spark gap.

make a saw tooth wave again like with the field propulsion experiment.

discharge through the copper rod.

ground the bare copper tube coil on one end.

see what happens at the other end.

I have 2 ceramic high voltage doorknob caps
to charge and discharge .

this will be interesting.

last time I used this, I didn't discharge through the copper rod. only used the dV dt.

Now I added another lead to the rod so the diacharge will pass through it.

rod is connected to the negative high voltage capacitor of around 250pF (this is how it already was connected).

Charging up the 12V batteries to make some sparks again.

hV prove in the loose neighborhood to see what happens in the field.

spark gap around 4mm

scr28.png:  this is the hard probed earth grounded coil.
I put the cursor over 5 peaks, so 116.8ns period is around 8.6Mc/s
But look at the start and end. The frequency there is much faster. 3 times faster. the third upper harmonic.
is that because the longitudinal kick, brings it into a faster vibration, that then becomes slower due to it being a transverse wave?
And then becoming longitudinal again?
I see it in each discharge.
3kV pp the voltage varies. not bad

scr30.png
This is the soft probed discharge. notice it charges up to a negative voltage. the discharge is from negative to earth ground,
but the probe is AC coupled.
it shows 2kV loose coupled, but the 4mm gap, might more be like 12kV
cursor spans 7 discharges, so around 2,8k discharges per second.
The charge curve is good. slow charge fast discharge.

scr31.png
zoomed in to the loose probed discharge signal.
discharge is around 40ns, after which the signal overshoots, and oscillates. I should be able to improve that,
by reducing inductance of the discharge loop. but good enough for this test.
this discharge shows 2,5kV loose probed, so again probably more around 12kV.

The neighborhood dogs bark when I discharge. its so much noise. but I wear ear protection.
DC discharge is like fireworks.

The coil doesn't stay ringing long enough to compound the waves.
but it is interesting to see the frequency changing.

hmm what if I place the copper rod primary in between the 2 capacitors?
voltage will be half, but rod is not directly grounded.

and the coil, also no ground, let both ends ring.
actually not the ends but the whole coil as the longitudinal is radiant all over the coil

a classic resistive light bulb, could be used.

the voltage could be made higher, with a 24V battery, and even less windings in the flyback primary.

The 2019 Radiant Power circuit could do the same. the L2 primary could be  counter wound zero inductance, and its capacitors on both ends equal size, bith 500pF or 1nF or 2nF.
Allowing it to be fully charged by the L1. the parallel cap of L1 could slow the charge up down to tem mode.

when the mosfet then again closes , it discharges.

dc offset could be placed on the L3 secondary

also using a plasma globe to see how it is influenced by the electrostatic shock waves

needs sparkgap

picture from Tesla's lecture (not sure which one).

at first I thought hey! that's weird. the primary is separated from the capacitor by the sparkgap.

that must be wrong ! because the slow charge of the capacitor is not present in the primary

but then I noticed the other side of the primary connected to the capacitor. without ground!

so the Primary does follow the voltage of the capacitor.

the sparkgap is near one plate, it suggests a negative voltage discharge.

but if the generator on the left is ac, then the voltages will alternate.

so a pulsed dc generator? could be.

Tesla made clear the effect was best with one polarity .

I say it was the negative voltage discharge to positive (neutral).

So for my solid state solution, I need a high voltage negative plate, with a low voltage positive plate that is discharged to neutral.

I am still rereading Tesla's 1890’s lectures.
It just became clear what might happen in the LMD resonant mode, induced by the electrostatic disruptive discharge which is unipolar.

the secondary becomes resonant in a different way. There still is the sine wave observed.
but it MUST be of high voltage, so it only works with small capacity.

the changing high voltage again creates displacement currents around the coil, but in this LMD mode the coil windings do not transform the displacement currents into a magnetic vortex.

Instead the displacement current flows directly over the coil windings, but perpendicular.
Basically like the classic depiction of the magnetic field shows. How ironic.

So with TEM there is a slower magnetic vortex
flowing along the windings of the secondary coil,
while with LMD the ring vortex is created.

This LMD mode can be created by capacitive coupling of a dual resonant system like I showed before using pancake coils.

But the disruptive discharge brings other benefits, which include changes in impedance.

As I said before, when the hand moves slowly up and down it creates transverse waves in the water.

But if the hand slaps the water hard and fast,
the water solidifies and produces a unidirectional longitudinal wave.

these impedance changes are also present in the sparkgap. first it isolates, allowing the capacitor to charge up. the air has high impedance. then at the discharge, the ait becomes conductive, large currents flow. the impedance suddenly drops to very low values (some say negative resistance but I disagree).

these impedance changes happen within the electrostatic field.

And these fx can also be produced in the high voltage fields between plate coils where the electrostatic high voltage field is suddenly changed.

This may give the solution, for the impedance problems which the load presents.

the high current coil needs a high Q factor,
to provide the strong magnetic flow.
the Q factor is lowered by the load which lowers the field strength, so the power is gone.

when the impedance is changed by the disruptive discharge, it can keep the Q factor high, by having a low impedance in the high voltage electrostatic field.

This allows the energy to keep flowing. so the load can use this energy flow to work.

So do I need a LMD resonant mode?
is that even possible? I say yes.
but I will need to tune to the higher resonant frequency (with high Q, so its a very narrow bandwidth)

Tesla:
"It is clear that in such combinations there will be, for a given frequency, and considering only the fundamental vibration, values which will give the best result, with the condenser in shunt to the self-induction coil; of course more such values than with the condenser in series."

Meaning, the induced electrostatic resonance is defined by the coils surface capacity, and sets the base frequency (very high).
To tune this LMD resonance down, with a single capacitor plate (series connected )
or a dual capacitor plate (one on each end aka parallel or shunt )
the tuning needs to be to a subharmonic.

this makes it tricky, especially when the capacitor leads are long, and change the electrostatic base resonant frequency.

I tried tuning this, when I didn't understand it yet. the mistake I made was using voltage impulses (from a coil) instead of current impulses (from a capacitor).

but now its clear.

It also is closely related to beta radiation.
which behaves like an electrostatic line of force that shoots free like a tensioned elastic band.
look at a cloud chamber to see what I mean

https://youtube.com/shorts/_yXwjWaZBmQ?si=BpfFBcGIOOnokshn

thats a powerfulll electrostatic effect
aka
radiant energy

since an electrostatic field is needed, and the mosfets cant handle very high voltages,
the static field can be made with the secondary.

once it resonates the high voltages will provide the static field. But how to start it up?
a electrostatic discharge from an electric lighter might be sufficient.

what also can work, is ground the secondary through a small high voltage capacitor, and charge it with a high dc voltage.

the idea is that
the high voltage electrostatic field, of the secondary is attached to the primary by bith coils acting as capacitors.

the static field attached to the primary, its then suddenly disturbed by the fast discharge of the primary capacitor. (not the hv dc secondary geounding capacitor )

the primary should not have a pvc mantle

Based on Tesla's 1891 lecture, my 2019 Radiant power could be tuned differently,
with a slight variation in the circuit.

Can someone please test this for me?
L2 needs to be resonant with the Large C1 cap,
so it will have a relative low frequency,
with low voltage, but high resonant currents.

The goal is to see if C2 can have a slow charge up, and a quick discharge.

ZVS, Flyback, DC high voltage caps (500pF 30kV)
Discharging though a copper rod, via a air quenched sparkgap.
The rod/capacitor is charged up with a negative high voltage electro static field,
while the other side is earth grounded.

copper rod, has a copper tube coil wrapped around it. one side is earth grounded, other side is probed.

Now the same test. but with the spark gap/opposite capacitor plate, NOT grounded.
see the difference in frequency? and amplitude!
With earth ground, it is much faster ringing, and even ringing UP!

spark gap is 5mm, so around -15 to -20kV negative voltage
loose probed, (cap not grounded)
the DC probe, shows positive voltage

now this is the grounded discharge.
same probe measure distance.
MUCH higher discharge voltage!