Quote from securesupplies on July 28th, 2023, 10:55 PM

what are you using to harness the power from the kicks?

L2 provides the kick
L3 recieves the kick
L4 amplifies the kick

future L5 could load L4

I placed a random bifilar pnacake coil on top of L4, with a 20W halogen load over it.
this is way to crude to work.
The coil detuned.

strange is that the LMD mode still worked fine (but not lamp light)
While the TEM mode, was flat lined on both L3 and L4 voltage and currents. I could not dial it in. So it looks like the impedance of the L5/halogen absorbed all the energy of L4. Which in fact is good.

I was able to tune to the second sub harmonic, which did show up on the scope...
That is weird...

I removed the L5 coil again, and tuned to the TEM mode.
I then measured with my field tester, and strange enough it had very high readings at the side of the coils, easily overloaded with 2kV/m (see green arrows at the side of the coils)
but the top of the coils where way less in V/m

Its a burden that I cannot put my hands in the fields, as they drain me.
else I would slowly try to loose couple L5 to L4, to match its impedance, and see the power transfer.

More testing needs to be done.

So I need a new identical coil (L5)
10,23m 1.5mm2
including 22+30cm hookup wire
first turn= 13.5cm
diameter outside=20cm
inside diameter = 4.4cm

These are the specs used for L1 L2 L3 L4 and now also L5

new coil is ready. it measures 393pF between its non connected windings

I wonder about L2.
I now have a parallel capacitor over it. and I need L3 for making them resonant.

But by itself L2 and C1, should be able to also become series parallel resonant.

since L2 is bifilar, its interwinding capacity is smartly charged and discharged by the 2 windings voltage difference.

so, if I can match the c1 with the coil capacitance, then... dit should become series parallel resonant by itselve.

I do want to see if this can be done.
But my C1 is now hard soldered to the mosfet pcbs. 2 x 990 (3x330pF per mosfet pcb).

the coil winding capacity needs to be measured and matched.

simple test. curious how this behaves
But... With this small capacity, it will ring at a very high frequency.
One thing is clear. When C1 is discharged, it does not take part it the resonance.
This means the L2 impedance will then change.
And I need a deep dive into impedance.

so, yes, it is possible to make L2 series parallel resonant, without a parallel capacitor.
I used my largest bifilar pancake coil, with a capacitance of 779pF between its windings (measured at100kc/s when not connected)
its inductance measured 626 uH
PSU=24.5V 0.31A
f=484 kc/s (high)

I used a single mosfet switch, for this test, with C1=990pF Which should be very close to the coil capacity when series connected.

The coil was connected with its outside rim to C1. (no coupling to L1, or any other coil)
a fairly large voltage swing is seen and is discharged when the mosfet turns on. giving around 250V of discharge.
pretty impressive at this high frequency of 484kc/s (scr607)

scr608 shows the C1 voltage at the source/outside rim L2

I could have tuned it slightly better, so the discharge would occur at the negative maximum

So its good to know this will work. but, not usefull.
The L1 coil impulse that charges the coil is now relativly slow, due to the high freqeuncy.
The voltage supplied also must be much higher to get proper results.
The mosfet switch can handle the speed (first time!) but it will heat up faster, as will the blocking diode on L1 do.

So back to the setup.
What produces the ground currents?
Is it L3, then a series capacitor could be placed between L3 and ground. it could be even loaded.

For this, I would also need a diode between ground and C1 and the PSU, to prevent the current from the ground to flow there.
AS I have seen a half wave when the PSU had it's own ground. I wrote about this before.
the diode should block the negative current from ground, which only should feed L3. IF it is there.
that means the C1 and PSU would be only grounded for the negative, since they sit on the other side of the diode.

I doubt that is really the case.
I feel C1 might be the one that draws in the current at the discharge.
but I need to get this clear before proceeding

so let's see where L2 with the 1980pF in series and parallel resonates (L3 close coupled but not connected to anything)

I wonder if I can use L3 as an output coil. while it is coupled to L1.
I tried this before, but this time, I could change the duty cycle, to change the phase

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overshoot_(signal)?searchToken=dmncxbo3pymnmvp0ecy1sjtva

I have never ever been given a proper answer to this question.

where does the extra voltage(energy) come from, when a pulse overshoots?

if you zoom into the leading edge of a square wave, you will notice it overshoots.
the voltage becomes higher than the generator supplies.

how can that be?

Is this voltage coming from the ambient medium?
is it because the high dV/dt of the rising edge induces the radiant energy into the conductor?

if so, we can use this current inflow to charge up the distributed capacity of a bifilar coil.

that means we only need a very small duty cycle.

the inductance of the bifilar coil will have a very large reactance at the start of the pulse. so no conventional (hot) current will flow.

but the distributed capacity of the bifilar coil, has a vey low reactance at the start, so the cold radiant current will flow into the capacity.

and once charged, it can power up the magnetic field of the coil. to help to overcome the large inertia of the inductance of the coil.

impedance = resistance + reactance
whereby there is reactance of the coil
and reactance of the capacitor.

reactance is the resistance agains flow (change in current)

I want to use the IXDN630 with the IRF510 for my overshoot tests.
I wonder If I can redesign my current PCB.

simce the IXDN630 is not isolated, I will need a optical isolater to. drive the square wave.

since I probably will use very small duty cycle to prevent the hot current flow,
I will need a fast opto coupler.

speeds will probably be low (20kc/s) at first, but might become high (300kc/s)

so... optocoupler.... M@tt?

TLX9376

https://nl.mouser.com/ProductDetail/757-TLX9376TPLF

https://nl.mouser.com/datasheet/2/408/TLX9376_datasheet_en_20190628-1759646.pdf

superfast optocoupler.
for isolating the ixdn630

works on 5V from the isolated side.
my dc dc converter works at +15v and - 5V
so I can use the 7805 for the supply.
good because I have all those parts.

just needs a 390 ohm(1/8 w power so 1/4w rated) resistance to limit the current of the input diode, 25mA 5V

can my signal generator drive it? and if I use one signal for 2 gate drivers or 4 or 8?

so I better put it a 5V totem pole at the input?

When Tesla witnessed the phenomenon that occurred at the turn on of the high voltage dc line, his interest was sparked. which resulted in his radiant energy work.

I will now repeat this with modern technology.

the IRF510 in combination with a IXDN630
can turn on the switch at around 25ns

this fast switch is used to TURN ON the voltage to a bifilar coil.

Until now I have focused at the back emf of the turn off (which Bedini also used).

But a bifilar coil has a low capacitive reactance at the start, while the inductive reactance is high.

this means at the turn on, there will  be no current flow from the PSU.

But the supply voltage of the PSU will be present on the distributed capacity of the bifilar coil.

So... this will created an inflow of "cold" current out of the ambient medium. this is all created from the high dV/dt when the mosfet turns on.

this dV/dt creates the radiant energy.

once the coil capacitance is charged, the mosfet should turn off else the PSU will be used to power the inductance.

so when the resonant frequency is used, at a 25% duty cycle, this will lead to a very low power supply, while the coil becomes resonant with a rising amplitude from the inflow of cold current out of the ambient medium.

thus is a load is needed to burn the energy and keep the voltage low.

here we have the key to free energy. free electricity.
use it wisely.
I will test this, and advance it

A very simple test.
I put my square wave generator to max. and connected it with a coax to the 1Mohm input of my scope.

overshoot is clearly visible, at the rising and falling edge.

how to capture the pulse and extract to a cap ? do you have a fast switch >?

I checked the gat signal of my parallel mosfets.
previously I removed the 3.3uF from the gate side, and decieded to put it back in,
due to its relatively slow turn on. ( gate charge probably is high, as this is a high current mosfet)
scr662 is without
scr663 is with the 3uF caps

no real difference, so this design is good without the 3.3uF caps.

after some rest I have tested the setup one more time.
scr664 yellow= L2 inside rim green is current of L2 inside rim  orange = L3 inside rim.
scr665: same, but green=L3 current.
f=36.94kc/s
 PSU=2x9.4V 0.99A=18.6W

I believe, the current in L2 and L3 is not magnetic (hot) current.
But is in fact dielectric (cold) current.
Main reason why, is the wobbly nature of the sine wave, and the not being available power.
It is induced by the high dv/dt of the C1 capacitor, which is transposed to L2 C2. Which forms a capacitor with L3 C3.

So there is a large displacement current flowing. Which has no power by itself.

Since we have Voltage, displacement current, and magnetic current.
I now want to intruce 2 more coils.

First. the load coil L4, Which will be coupled to L3. by itself this will not produce power,
Thus we introduce a resonant high voltage coil L5 which will be coupled to L4 (probably loose coupled for high voltage)

The Idea is, that the displacement (cold) current of L3 will induce a voltage in L4 load.
And the L5 voltage, will induce a current in L4 load.
If the L3 and L4 will have the right phase relationship, the induced voltage and current in L4 load, will be in phase, producing massive amounts of power.

So the L4 load coil will be induced from both sides.
one side will be inducing voltage, the other side will be inducing  (hot magnetic) current.

the load must be present in the middle. in the load coil the sine waves will fuse to produce power.

I might shift to using helical coils, for better coupling of the fields

L5 will be high voltage, which means a lot of inductance, with very little capacity. to get the frequency right I migh need a harmonic octave. or... thin wire, with many windings and a large diameter.

I can make C3 smaller, to tune L3 to the L5
And... I will need to make a phase shift circuit (done it before) to get L5 in the right phase with L3.

L3 displacement current induces voltage in L4.
L5 voltage induces current in L4.

same setup as previous test.

This is the current measured in the air, with the current probe, so not grabbing a wire.
It is highest around the center hole of the coil. this was measured on the L3 side.
much higher then in the test shown.

This convinces me, that I need helical coils instead of pancake coils.
then the dielectric cold current can flow through the tube. creating the ring vortex, from accelerating the energy volume in the tube, to around the tube.
air current.png: green is the current near L3
L2 air current: green is the current near L2
notice how both current are near equal in amplitude.
While L2 has a wobble from the low capacity of only 2nF, while L3 is 61nF

and naturaly their phase is opposite, as one is the inflow, and the other is the outflow

I want to keep L1 away as it is only used to produce the voltage in C1.

L2 and L3 will be in helical coil.
I could make 2 layers of bifilar coil.
BUT maybe I can use one bifilar coil.
with its 2 windings NOT series connected.
one winding will be L2 and the other winding will be L3.

This also depends on their need to be counter wound. As My pancake coils, L3 is counter wound to L1 and L2.
I did this to increase the resonant voltage difference between L2 and L3, to get a larger discharge voltage.
But this might not be needed.

if all this works out, I could turn this into a push pull system, but for now I will stick to single ended. one switch.

so lets test this first. make a helical bifilar coil. I already have one. but its 0.75mm2 wire. still It can be used to test.
Then I can make another one, if needed. with thicker coil windings for more current

I realised, I could slow the charge up time of the capacitor by putting a parallel capacitor over L1.
Then I realised... this simplifies every thing enormously.

I just need L1 with a parallel C1 capacitor over it.
Then switch the mosfet at the maximum voltage. so it produces only 1/4 of a full wave. only the slow charge followed by a quick discharge.

I quickly tested this with a new helical solenoid bifilar. I put 41nF parallel to it.
and tested it with 2x 13.1V psu (around 0.26A if I remember correctly)

The circuit had a lot of parasitic oscillations.  I need to check why, and where they come from.
but... the principle works.

This could even make use of a series resonant coil, parallel to the mosfet, but lets leave that for now.

The discahrge is again fast. 40ns

And this time I used a low side switch, so the dv/dt now creates an OUT flow of radiant displacement energy.
This also means, If conventional current is low, it could cool down in temperature.

green is current. yellow is voltage both at the drain-coil connection

edit: now onder it oscillates. I forgot to remove the parallel capacitors of 2nF over the 2 parallel mosfets :P

I removed the parallel coapcitor from the mosfets and redid the test.
still using the 0.75mm2 bifilar helical coil. still C1= 41nF still 104.2kc/s
frequency is high, but this will be halved on the other side.

yellow = drain voltage
green = drain current.
I moved the earth ground to V+, as the coil is grounded there.
dv/dt is 20ns which is FAST but voltage is low. So I need to make C1 smaller.
Also, I need to wind it with a 1.5mm2 speaker wire, for less resistance. and wind a longer coil. I will make it on a 70mm diameter tube. the tube I now use is 80mm
first tests 668,669,670 is with
psu=0.59A 2x17.2V =20.3W
second test is 671 and 672, with 14.2Vx2 x0.5A=14.2W

NOTICE
the large oscilations after the mosfet is turned ON.
the voltage of C1 is discharged very rapidly
and sets up the radiant energy even, due to the high dV/dt
The cold current is much faster, which can be seen from the oscillation frequency.
The JUMP in current (green) can be very well seen. This.. is... the magic

it looks like the energy in the tube is oscillating very fast back and forth in the tube.  as both ends of the coil are grounded on V+ and V- since the mosfet is on.
So even with earth ground, there still is this oscillation going on. the cap was supposed to be discharged to ground. but instead, an influx (or outflux since I am low side switching) happens, which is clearly visible from the current amplification.
That is the start of a rising trumpet wave.

I suspect the parallel mosfet capacitance is playing a role in the oscillations.
also, I need a load coil over L1 to dampen it.

SCR674 : I reduced C1 to 21nf F=141.2kc/s psu=2*17.5 x 0.51A
SCR675: C1 reduced to 11nF F=211.6 kc/s (hard to tune due to hf oscillations) psu= 0.43A 2x 27.6V

due to the oscillations, the voltage wont really amplify when I lower the capacity of L1 (c1)
oscillations are extreme, this could also be due to the tsunami wave, not being able to dump its energy, and it thus keeps ringing. Being build up around the coil.

I didnt use shielding and didnt ground my body. I only turned the system on long enough to tune, and make screen shots.
Going to take a brake, and see how I feel in a few hours, because I feel a bit electrified.

Mean While I can wind the new coil

new coil is the transparent.(1.5mm2) on 70mm tube

old coil is the black (0.75mm2) in 80mm tube

longitudinal cold current, which uses the distributed capacitance of thebifilar coil.
induced by high dv/dt  100/ 20ns  30pF

I did a temperature test, running full power with my new coil.
after a few minutes I smelled burning plastic, so I turned it off, and found my 3x 1uF wima mkp10 (polypropylene) parallel capacitors heating up above 100C.  So... maybe I need some diodes to protect them, it seems they are involved in the ringing resonance.

scr678 shows the frequency of the current ringing, 1.27812Mc/s
this was with the new coil, which is 70mm diameter, 24 cm long, 1.5mm2 speaker wire.
full power was given, 1.0A 2x32.3V =64,6 W
frequency 89.9kc/s
C=41nF

temperature when off at the begin: 24.6C coil, and 25C for the top mosfet
after several minutes the coil was only 25C and the mosfet 28C

I did not measure the test end time, due to the burning plastic smell of the capacitors.

my power supply caps at 1000uF 100V (elco)
and 3x 1uF wima mkp10 and these heat up?
so they are part of the 1.3mhz oscillation?
but how... they are so large!

and if I put in a diode between the caps and the mosfet... then the discharge will pass the diode, as the voltage is more positive.

So I would need a parallel capacitor again to discharge to. but... that was the whole problem.
so... maybe I need a ring toroid coil to absorb the discharge energy and dampen the oscillations