I want to measure the ratio of maximum voltage and current (characteristic impedance?) in L2,
and compare the resonant without impulse
ratio
to the ratio where the impulse gives the maximum current.

If current is amplified, then the voltage (where it transforms into) should also be amplified.

but (and I need to verify) I dont see the voltage grow.

from 7 to 11 A pp is a huge increase in energy.

I could also calculate the energy ratio of the voltage and current fields. by using capacity and inductance, with voltage and current.

If these ratios are shifting, it would indicate there is another "dimension" where the energy resides.

with dimension I mean, not the dielectric or magnetic field, but the magneto dielectric field.

Tuned L1 impulse to be a 8 th harmonic of L2 series resonant frequency, when tuned to max current amplification, so slightly above Fr
L2 had 61nF in series

F res (pure no impulse visible)= 74.22kC/s 
L2=184.58V pp 6.9A pp
power=0.16A X 2 X 10.0V =3.2W

Fres with impulse for max current: 78.82 kC/s  (4.6kC/s higher)
impulse=795.2nS = 628.78 kC/s (L1 Fr) gives a 7.87 ratio. 8th harmonic
power=0.53A X 2 X 10.0V=10.6W  (more than 3x higher, but its only L1 L2)
L2-10.42A pp 262.22 Vpp

So both amps and volts are amplified. but power has increased also.

Let's calculate increase in energy from the cap. This will be an approximation.
E Fr = 1/2 * 61nF * 184.58 * 184.58 = 0.00103912818 Joules 
E Fr imp =1/2 61nF * 262.22 * 262.22 = 0.00209715952 joules
difference=0.00105803134 which is a increase of 2.01819 times

This is very rough. But clearly we are loosing more than we put in.
 This probably relates to the increased loss from the higher current in L2 (resistance times current= loss).

Still, why is the energy 2x higher when the impulse is visible?
Is that 4 kC/s putting more energy in the magnetic field of L1, coupling into L2? No way.
Why is more power drawn in?

Ok, let's continue, but now with L3 coupled. (L3 untuned witout cap). again, we will make it harmonic. L1 L2 and L3.
I will not tune L1 impulse by parallel cap, but instead, will tune L3 by distance alone. (never done this before)

https://www.daenotes.com/electronics/basic-electronics/diodes-in-series

good info on series diodes to increase blocking voltage.

parallel resistance is used to balance voltage over series diodes.

also caps are used, but that would be charged by impulse. So can use that.

2x series mur8100e should then be able to work with 1700V SiC mosfet for 1700V impulses.

good to know for future reference.
Maybe... I should make room for 2 more diodes on the PCB. but... thats not for now

With placing L3, I noticed L2 current started to ripple at the L3 speed.  probably due to current probe error

L2 is lower harmonic of L3.
L3 should be equal to L1 resonant frequency.

This L2 current rippling is very interesting to see.

If it is tuned properly (never done this but will try today) L1 L2 and L3 will become fully  harmonic.

tried tuning L1 L2 L3 to harmonic relation. used 2 differnt L3 coils one was to big the other to small.
could not get it right.
was able to tune L1 L2 to 7th harmonic but L3 was above or below.
distancing L2 L3 was done with paper, which worked fine.

impulse speed changed a lot while tuning. from 810ns to 573nS it becomes faster, when harmonic relation is approached.

Very hard... very very hard to accomplish.

next I want to give parallel tuned L3 a go again, as with this, also comes the LMD resonant mode.
and its easier, as now L2/L3 will have the same frequency.

I will use equal size L2 and L3 coil, ans will aim for L1 : L2/L3 harmonic (7th)
while still producing max current in L2.
Distancing, will not change, I will set L2 L3 distance to 18.1mm (paper)
but first a break

Ok tuned enough.
 that is going nowhere.

the faster 400nS impulse did work.
it somehow put L2 180 degrees out of phase.
And by distancing L1 and L2, I could make the phase shift 90 degrees.

this places the very fast high voltage impulses at the current maximums.

voltage x current is power.
So let's continue om that path, and see where it leads.

for this I will probably make a new coil, or again use the coil I already made. it is the unifilar coil. with less induction capacitance and resistance making the impulse faster.

Maybe I even try the repulsion coil I made a year ago. it had sub 300nS impulses. but I dont really like the magnetic repulsing fields. but if it works it works...

I made the fast 400nS impulse setup again, with unifilar L1 and bifilar L2 loose coupled with 25mm distance by nylon plate.

tuned the impulses to the current maximums. Saw that only the negative impulse amplified the current of L2. Must test again to see if the positive impulse really doesnt amplify the positive current maximum. If so, te hat would indicate I will only need a negative impulse and only one mosfet switch.

but I doubt that the positive impulse would not work.

also close coupled coil to L2 and loaded it with lamp. input power was again decreased, while lamp was on.
fairly low power but it again shows, power is available from the impulsed series resonant L2 primary coil, while the impulse is on thr current maximum.

Meanwhile also redisigned the pcb. also added place for 2 second (series) diodes. this will make to possible to test with 2 1700V sic mosfets for 1700V impulses.
the faster L1 coil can easily make these high voltage impulses.
but that's for the future

Also wrote a script to show some experiments on youtube...

other video that shows circuit needs to be further edited, and supplied with some more images.

great workflow. love autumn.

Here I loose coupled L1 and L2, and fine tuned the 400nS 900V L1 impulses, to the L2 current maximum
blue is the half bridge, high is positive, low is negative voltage supplied to the coils.
yellow is L2 voltage, with impulse
green, is L2 current.

L3 is not used (not coupled)

inspired by Serps (jim Murray) double electric energy re use. recycling energy back to source

I now recycle energy from L1 into L2 by impulse.
L1 can do work (resistive load for first half period) , after which it still gives back the energy (impulse)

impulse from L1  in L2 does amplify its current. (series resonant L2)

L3 LMD resonant can AGAIN do work.
if L3 is loaded (same load as L1)
 L3 current and voltage become in phase.
L3 voltage is out of phase with L2

After doing work (second half period)
L3 again produces an impulse. by opening the circuit on current maximum.

positive Impulse from L3 charges powersupply caps. caps charge L1 again for next double work cycle.

conclusion, L3 and L1 should both be coupled to a resistive loaded coil.

L1 powers first half of period
L3 powers second half of period.
Load is constantly powered.
L2 is not loaded. just series resonant.

Still working on this concept.
it uses a double switch just like the half bridge, but it is differently connected.
One switch for L1 L2
other switch for L3.

L3 positive impulse is at the start of L1 current cycle. so 180 degrees out of phase with L1 impulse.

But to use both L1 and L3 for the (L4) L4 load coil, means L4 is in the middle in between L1 and L3.

L2 is loose coupled to L3. this means L1 is NOT coupled to L1.

I remember L1 needed close coupling to L2 for current amplification.
but maybe that is not as important any more.

Also L3 switch, will it be closed for 99 % or only 49%?
probably 49% as it only powers L4 for the second half period.

But what will that to to loose coupled L2 series resonance?

Will play with this until I can reuse the same energy twice or more on the same load.

L1 can be loaded for the first half period
L3 can be loaded for the second half period.

If L3 is the output coil, with a parallel resistive load over it,

then L1 and L3 should be close coupled.

L2 and L3 should be loose coupled.

stacked like this
L1-L3----L2

L1 50% pulsed (single mosfet switch)

L2 series resonant, recieves L1 impulse.

L3 parallel LMD resonant (in phase voltage and current)

I tried this before. I believe the problem was with the phase of L3 under load. vs L1 phase.

to solve this, L4 could be used close coupled to L1 and L3.
L4 is resistive loaded instead of L3.

another method would be keeping L1 and L3 close coupled, but close coupling L4 with load to L2.

I am not sure, but I believe I tested it before.

Idea is still a energy loop.
Power is energy per second.
but energy cant be destroyed.
energy can be reused over and over to again and again create power.

energy through resistance is heat=loss
but magnetic and dielectric energy keep being tranformed in resonance.

And when LMD resonance is loaded, power comes from the in phase magnetic and dielectric fields.

So for testing, you always need a load on L3. else L3 LMD will be out of phase.

I am missing something here. it doesn't feel complete

another idea. is to get the impulses at the start if L1, by using a double single switch system, and swap the L2 coils.
maybe both L2 coils also can loose couple for lmd resonance.
ideas :

Two L1 coils. A and B (pulsed )
two L2 coils. A and B (series resonant impulsed)
2 alternating(out if phase) switches. A and B (high and
 Low)

L1A produces impulses for L2A
L1B produces impulses for L2B

but L1A is loose coupled to L2B
and L2B is loose coupled to L2A( cross linked)

Since the polarity of the impulses now are opposite, by swapping of the L2 coils, the L2 coils need to be flipped over. (or if LMD resonant phase is correct)

This flipping over is also the reason for loose coupling the coils. but L1 amd L2 should be close coupled right?

This places the current amplification impulse at the start of the L1 pulse, instead of the end of the L1 pulse.

this way we prevent the  impulses from passing through a diode.



the L3 output coil can be in the middle between the 2 systems, alternately powered from both sides.

L3 is coupled to both L1 coils.

both L2 coils assist their L1 coils

both L1 coils (alternatly) power L3

Ot looks a lot like the half bridge I now have, but it doesnt feedback correctly. probably due to the LMD component of the TEM coils that sits out if phase. some how it should work but it doesnt.

If L3 is LMD resonant it produces power, and becomes in phase with current and voltage when loaded with a resistor lamp.

but when L3 is first rectified to DC into a capacitor bank and then loaded,
the L3 coil is not in phase, but still produces power.

we can use that difference, to couple L3 back to L1.
as, L1 and L3 current are in phase, when L3 voltage and current is out of phase.

L2 then needs to be swapped around/flipped over, to get L3 in the right phase (180 degrees flipped)
L2 is distanced (loose coupled) so this would not cause a problem.

this I haven't tested yet.

L1-L3 - - - - 2L

L1 close coupled to L3
L1 produces impulse at pulse turn off
L1 impulse is injected into L2

L3 is LMD resonant (out of phase) with L2
L3 is rectified to dc into cap and resistive loaded

L2 is loose coupled to L3
L2 is series resonant
L2 is impulsed by L1
L2 is flipped over making L3 in phase with L1

L1 only needs to be flipped with single mosfet circuit, as L1 and L2 are already driven out of phase.
With half bridge, L2 doesn't need to be flipped, as L1 and L2 are powered in phase

Correction :
L2 has cap on other side of coil so needs to be flipped.

I connected the half bridge agian, as the single switch gave errors.

connected L1-L3 - - - - L2
L2 is flipped over.
making L2 L3 out of phase with TEM resonance.
it should become in phase with LMD resonance (if tuned. not done yet)
L3 rectified to dc and loaded with 28W lamp.

L3 before rectifier is clipped sine, but it seems It could become a pure sine wave. if tuned.

When lamp is disconnected, the L3 voltage wave form becomes a triangle!
never seen that before. straight lines and straight curves.

edit :
and! L2 has current amplification when flipped over. while it is not close coupled.
didn't see that before.

the Idea right now, is to get L3 LMD resonant while close coupled to L1.
No idea if that is even possible.

L3 and L2 voltage are normally out of phase when LMD resonant.
But now L3 is coupled to L1, and will need to reverse phase. To do this I flip L2.
this is possible because L2 is only loose coupled to L3.

L2 series resonant current is amplified by the impulses when tuned to slightly higher frequency than Fr.

L1 powers L3 when pulsed.
But L3 also should power L1 when LMD resonant.

L3 provides output by rectifier into DC load, this makes voltage and current of L3 stay oit of phase, but it still has power. this magic, is only explained by third field existence.

L1 magnetic energy is recycled, at turn off, the impulse feeds into L2, amplifies current, and couples into L3 LMD resonance.

tomorrow my new pcb for the radiant half bridge wil arrive. I hope it all works.

somehow, in the current setup, L3 shows a triangle wave, when unloaded.
orange is the L3 voltage, before the rectifier.
after the L3 rectifier are 2 large caps for the DC. they are not loaded when measured.

blue shows the halfbridge high low voltage

yellow the L2 voltage
green the L2 current

note that these high values were produced with only 2x 3.0V symmetric powersupply.
never seen results that high before

Also, L2 is loose coupled to L3, and still shows the current amplification (green)
L3 is close coupled to L1.
L3=21nF
L2=35nF
F=62kC/s

L2 voltage in yellow
L2 current in green.
blue purple shows the half bridge high low signal

For me it is clear, the current of L2 is amplified. and also why.

The magnetic field pressure of L1, when switched off during dead time of the half bridge mosfet switch,
produces a resonant half wave voltage. This resonant voltage normally transformback to a current half wave. but this time it is not inside L1. the current now is build up in L2.

L2 is series resonant, and when the voltage impulse trasnforms into current, is at the moment, L2 is staring to build up its magnetic field current. (zero). Now the current is zero, but the Aether momentum is at its peak.

This works best, when there is a balance between the L2 voltage and current, between the capacity and the inductance. between the size of the inner diameter, and the outer diameter of L2.
This balance is known as the characteristic impedance.
This balance, shapes the field.
When the field is shaped right, the impulse is given the best ability to amplify the current.

The impulse is much faster than the L2 series resonance. How can that be? Probably because the impulse is happening in the longitudinal direction. in the direction of the Aether momentum.

enough Theory.

My new PCB has arrived, I build it, recorded the build process (3,5 hours) had some errors, but it worked out.
Tested it , and it works fine. Not yet tested if I can use the avalance mode of the body diode to protect the 1000V series diodes mur8100E

recorded a lot of video material showing the new circuit and experiments with it.
with anomalies. some parts already edited, and looking good.
I intend to release before the end of the month, including final pcb for circuit with partlist.

I finished my video, it will go online on youtube, on november 21.
It shows the radiant half bridge circuit, and experiments with it.
Link to the isolated gate drive circuit (circuit, pcb, BOM)
https://oshwlab.com/MasterIvo/radiant-half-bridge-900

Link to the PCB (from above link)
https://easyeda.com/editor#id=1fa6ba959b6844d598ef1974f6bed660
from here, you can order the PCB:
from the "Fabrication" menu,
then click "PCB order"
It then goes to the JLCPCB website, where you can order the PCB.

Link to my website with more information (under construction, best looked from PC)
http://www.Magstar.eu
Several PDF's including Nikola Tesla's april 6 1897 important Lecture:
http://magstar.eu/pdfs/

live from 21 november

meanwhile, I continue experimenting with the circuit.
This Time with L1 and L3 close coupled, and L3 and L2 loose coupled with L3 in the middle of L1 and L2.

L2 is flipped over, this makes it counter rotate.
LMD resonance between L3 and L2 will then be in phase.  While TEM resonance will be out of phase.
I already see that the current amplification in L2 works in TEM mode. But LMD mode (the higher resonant frequency) seems to struggle. It need further tuning of the L2 L3 distance and of the L2 L3 tuning capacitance's.

What also might be a factor is the combination of TEM and LMD. As L1 is pulsed it probably is TEM (not resonant) while L3 becomes LMD resonant with L2.

The Idea is to have a dual primary for L3. L1 close coupled provides the magnetic induction, while loose coupled L2 provides the dielectric induction.
L1 and L2 are both primary coils for the L3 secondary coil (that produces power).

the picture shows the pancake coil stack, with L2 flipped over

cool

Since I now flip over the L2 coil, I might need to reconnect the windings. this is because I use speaker wire bifilar pancake coils. one winding is closer to the other coil, and that winding should be where the impulse enters. not sure if it really matters, but if these details do matter, I like to get it right.

I also haven't experimented yet, with the impulse tuned to the L2 voltage minimum/ current maximum.
This can be done, when the loose coupling distance between L1 and L2 is around 15mm. I dont know how it will work with L3 L2 15mm coupling.

I tested if it produced power by close coupling a loaded coil to L2, and didn't get a lot.
In theory, the voltage impulse falls together with the current maximum, and thus should synthesize power.
But they might be in different domains. one TEM other LMD

But I did not test for L3 resonance by the L2 impulsed coil, with impulses at the current maximum/voltage minimum.

I also didn't show it in my new video, only mentioned it. if it shows results, and L3 gives more amplification, it will be worthy of another smaller video.

The fact byitself, that the voltage impulse can enter L2 while the current is maximum and voltage is minimum, is for me an indication, the impulse is in the LMD domain, while the series resonance is in the TEM domain. Not sure about this. but it is very weird.

without load, And L3 L2 15mm distanced I can again dial into the impulse being on the current maximum.

This happens with LMD resonance, I tuned L2 and L3 both with 61nF

because L2 is flipped over, L2 and L3 are now in phase with LMD resonance

orange =L3 voltage
yellow is L2 voltage (impulse on zero).
green is L2 current

notice how the impulse polarity is wrong.
positive current has negative voltage impulse.

After reading:
four-quadrant-energy-exchange-in-magnetic-dielectric-fields-of-induction

which in detail explains the energy transformation occuring with resonance between coil and capcitor.

In this text, by Erik p Dollard this quote tinkled my bell:

Quote

In the above condition of energy exchange the charge time span is equal in length to the discharge time span. No charge/discharge magnification is possible. It is however that the energy storage coefficients, the Inductance L, and the Capacitance, C, can be altered between charge and discharge intervals, Fig 3. This alteration can be done in two ways. One method is to use separate inductive elements in the charge/discharge cycle. For example, an inductance can take energy from one capacitance on charge and deliver this energy to another capacitance on discharge, or alternately a capacitance can take energy from one inductance on charge and deliver this energy to another inductance on discharge. Energy exchange has now reverted to a pair of energy transfers, and an indefinite static interval. The frequency of oscillation is according different for the different charge or discharge intervals. Hence the magnification factor is given by the relation

(46) (equaltion not copied.. see link above)  , numeric

Where  is the angular time rate of charge and  is the angular time rate of discharge. This magnification was utilized by Nikola Tesla for the purpose of Power Amplification with no electronic elements.

This is what happens between my L1 and L2 coil.
L1 create the impulse which is a resonant voltage half wave.
L2 receives this voltage halfwave and transforms it in to a current quarter wave.
This current quarter wave, is dependend of the inductance of L2.

Thus, following the quote text:
We will increase the inductance of L1, which makes L2 inductance relativly smaller (giving a higher resonant frequency of L2) this makes the voltage half wave to current quarter wave much faster in transformation. Thus time is decreased, and magnitude is amplified.

In other words, if inductance of L2 is smaller than L1, the current amplification will be BIGGER.

This I tested. L1 is a coil 1,5mm2 and L2 is a coil with 2.5mm2.   both are equal mass (still doubt why this should be). bothe coils have equal size center holes. L1 now has much longer wire length, and thus has more windings, which gives more inductance to L1.

Picture shows purple: half bridge voltage
yellow L2 voltage
green L2 current.

As can be seen, the green current sine does not perfectly connect to the fast rise in current. This can be tuned to get better results.
L2 series tuning capacitor is responsible for this. it was now: 41nF at  66.23 kc/s

I just realized what I put in my post below is a parametric oscillator.

the L1 started oscilating producing a voltage wave from the magnetic field energy after opening the circuit switch (mosfet)

that voltage half wave is than tranformed back into a current, but now, the inductance is not from L1 but from L2. and L2 has a smaller inductance, thus a higher current is produced.

this is parameter variation.

Since L2 then is discharging its series capacitor into L2, the build up current by the impulse of L1 is then further build up by the cap discharge. so it doesnt start from zero. it is compounded.

L2 then dielectric induces into L3
while at the same time we have L3 being magnetic induced by L1.

So what about the size of L3?
again making it have smaller wimdings than L1 will increase the current.

buy what about L2 L3, these act as capacitor plates, thus making L3 smaller than L2 will again increase the voltage

then we have the biggest amplification.
from big to small: L1 L2 L3
small= less inductance (windings) less capacitance (plate surface)

as my latest video showed, the current amplification by the impulses in L2 isn't perfect. far from it.

the impulse seems to fast for the slow L2 resonance.

So I experimented further. with smaller series capacity on L2. this makes the current tranfer smoother.

the smaller series capacity of L2 also raises the resonant frequency of the whole system, so To balance it out, I increased L3 capacity to it max (of the tuning board 61nf)

it makes sense to get the most amplification of the current in L2.

But at the same time I wonder if the ratio of the current of L2 and L3 matters.

As L3 loads down L1, al the amplification should come from L2.

I am very happy to see the LMD resonance of L2 and L3 is able to exist, while L3 is close coupled to L1.

Further more decreasing the L2 capacity also increases the resonant voltage in L2 which is needes to charge up the capacitance if the L2 bifilar coil itself, which gives the Longitudinal wave action for amplification of the current.

there is a pretty impressive difference between energy leves of pure sine wave resonance and the impulsed amplified current.

Still power in and out isnt as I wish it would be. Probably this only occurs when the fields are fine tuned, working together in perfect harmony. LMD and TEM