There is definitely more to water than meets the eye. Let me first of all point you to this video by Prof. Gerald Pollack titled "The Fourth Phase of Water":
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q33KyLkP_Rghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q33KyLkP_RgHe shows that a state of water exists, which is somewhat in between ice and liquid water in the sense that it becomes a crystalized, liquid form of water. Very interesting video.
Then, it appears
another state of water exists, which is known as Brown's gas, but is ridiculed by main stream science, you know, the real pseudo-scientific crackpots who actually believe that particles can exist at two places at the same time and that emtpy space itself can curve:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyhydrogen"Brown's Gas" is simply oxyhydrogen with a 2:1 molar ratio of H2 and O2 gases, the same proportion as in water. It is named after Yull Brown, who claimed that it could be used as a fuel for the internal combustion engine. It's also called "HHO gas" after the claims of fringe physicist Ruggero Santilli, who claims that his HHO gas, produced by a special apparatus, is "a new form of water", with new properties, based on his (fringe) theory of "magnecules".
Many other pseudoscientific claims have been made about Brown's Gas's pretended ability to neutralize radioactive waste, weld metals, help plants to germinate, etc.
Oxyhydrogen is also often mentioned in conjunction with vehicles that claim to use water as a fuel. The most common and decisive counter-argument against producing this gas on board to use as a fuel or fuel additive is that more energy is needed to split water molecules than is recouped by burning the resulting gas. Additionally, the number of liters per minute of gas that can be produced for on-demand consumption through electrolysis is very small in comparison to the liters per minute consumed by an internal combustion engine.
An article in Popular Mechanics reports that Brown's Gas cannot even increase the miles per gallon (MPG) of your vehicle, and that the only real savings come from tampering with your engine, which may confuse the anti-smog controls.
"Water-fueled" cars should not be confused with hydrogen-fueled cars where the hydrogen is produced elsewhere and used as fuel or where it is used as fuel enhancement.
One of the characteristics of Brown's gas is that it
IMPLODES instead of exploding. I have personally witnessed a bubble of Brown's gas on the surface of a water-soap solution being ignited. It gives a very sharp "klick" sound and no ripples on the water. So, despite the arrogance of main stream pseudo-scientific crackpots who think they can do science by looking at formulas in a book, mother nature shows us that indeed something is not right with the view of the main stream crackpots.
What I think happens is that the water molecule actually stretches, whereby the angle between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms within the molecule changes:
You see, this strange gas is obtained by electrolysis with NaOH or KOH as an electrolyte, whereby something like 1.8 V instead of the normal 2V is applied. I don't remember exactly, but the voltage was less than normal, which suggest we are dealing with a state of the water molecule in which the molecule undergoes some structural changes, BUT does NOT split into oxygen and hydrogen.
This picture comes from a paper published by Chris Eckman:
http://www.worldsci.org/pdf/abstracts/abstracts_5440.pdfhttp://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Chris%20Eckman%20-%20Plasma%20Orbital%20Expansion%20of%20the%20Electrons%20in%20Water%20-%202008.pdfThis is Chris Eckman:
http://www.worldsci.org/php/index.php?tab0=Scientists&tab1=Display&name=Christopher_EckmanPatrick Kelly about this paper:
http://www.free-energy-info.tuks.nl/Chapt10.htmlIn 2008, Chris Eckman measured the characteristics of Brown’s Gas at Idaho State University. The measurements showed that there was very little hydrogen (monatomic or diatomic) present. Instead, the gas was found to be a form of water with excess electrons, effectively, a gas which was neither water vapour nor steam. When ignited, the flame temperature was found to be 266 F. or 130 C. (Extraordinary Technology, vol 2(6), pp 15-25, 2008).
It is also mentioned at Pes:
http://pesn.com/2010/05/28/9501658-Plasma_Orbital_Expansion-of-the-Electrons_in_Water/http://pesn.com/2009/11/23/9501587_ChrisEckman_BrownsGas_model/This guy actually performed scientific research and performed mass spectrometry measurements, wherein he discovered a strange peak. They also mention something like an "average life" time :
"Rydberg Clusters
The linear water isomer is stable if it contains Rydberg matterclusters. These are clusters of highly excited matter (microscopic); the electrons are usually free floating in a limited area and can be bound by individual atoms or molecules. The life of a cluster will be dependent on what type of atoms and molecules make it up and will range from a few nano-seconds to a few hours. In lab experiments Brown’s Gas average life is 11 minutes. Rydberg matter clusters are usually associated with solids and liquids, but can be found in gases. Something also intriguing is Rydberg matter clusters can be made using a unique electrolysis process in which special lengths and distances of the plates and the materials are used.
[...]
Figure 4 shows a break down of the elements and molecules of Brown’s Gas. There are four main peaks above 30 thousand particles present in the test; these peaks are the basis of Brown’s Gas. The first peak (from left to right) is diatomic hydrogen and is found in abundant amounts in the Brown’s Gas mixture. There are two peaks due to the fact that there were isotopes of hydrogen in the test sample. The next major peak is water vapor, this normally would be undesired because it would take from the energy of the gas, but it is needed to form the Rydberg clusters. Therefore the water in Brown’s Gas is needed to help increase the energy density of the gas. There are two peaks here because there are isotopes in the water as well.
The third peak is the one that was deemed unidentified by the test, but it is proposed that this is the linear water isotope, because it contains the weight of water with a few extra electrons. If this is the linear water molecule, than it is only making up about 3 to 12% of the total gas. It would not form if there were no Rydberg clusters present! It needs the other gases to make it stable as seen in figure 3. The fourth peak is the diatomic oxygen. This is less then what would be expected in normal electrolysis, but is normal in Brown’s Gas.
Dr. Andrija Puharich talked about something like this in his patents about his version of a WFC:
http://www.rexresearch.com/puharich/1puhar.htmSUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
In classical quantum physical chemistry, the water molecule has two basic bond angles, one angle being 104°, and the other angle being 109°28'.
The present invention involves a method by which a water molecule can be energized by electrical means so as to shift the bond angle from the 104°.degree. configuration to the 109°.degree.28' tetrahedral geometrical configuration.
And more research has been done into this phenomenon, where we find out that it is known under a very large number of names, given that this supposedly does not exist:
http://www.eagle-research.com/cms/faq/browns-gasResearch indicates that Brown's Gas has characteristics that cannot be achieved by simply mixing bottled hydrogen and oxygen in astoichiometric ratio.
BG contains H, H2, O, O2, H2O (as water vapor) and a special 6th'structured' gas that Yull Brown called a 'Fluid Crystal', George Wiseman calls 'Electrically Expanded Water' (ExW) and professor Ruggero Santilli calls 'Magnecules'.
BG is also known under brand names of: Common-Ducted Gas, Rhode's Gas,Spirig Gas, Hydroxy, Brown Gas, Green Gas, Klein Gas, Aquygen, HHO, SGGas, Ohmasa Gas, Knallgas and (erroneously by WikiPedia) OxyHydrogen.
Brown's Gas (BG) and Ohmasa Gas both contain an gasious form of water that I named Electrically Expanded Water (ExW) in 1996.
ExW is a 'stable' and combustible gasious form of water. ExW is water that has 'soaked' up electrical energy like a sponge soaks up water. This highly energized water transforms from a water-liquid to a water-gas; it is a form of H2O that is not water vapor or steam.
When 'combusted' it gives up it's electrical energy and returns to it's liquid-water state with only implosion, NO explosion.
Normal electrolyzers produce Hydrogen on the cathode plate and Oxygenon the anode plates. Our electrolyzers, in addition to the 'normal' H2 and O2, demonstratably (and visually) form a gas BETWEEN the plates. This is the ExW!
If Ohmasa Gas contained no H2 or O2 then it would not the same as BG. However, Ohmasa Gas does contain monatomic and diatomic forms of Hydrogen and Oxygen so I definitely call Ohmasa Gas another trade name of BG.
BG can be pressurized too, just like the claims of SG gas and Ohmasagas. BUT they ALL are self-igniting under certain conditions so are inherently unsafe for high pressure operation in public use.
An important detail is that it has indeed been observed that Brown's gas implodes:
http://www.eagle-research.com/browngas/whatisbg/watergas.htmlIn my personal experience I discovered the 'heavier than air' ExWaspect/component of BG by accident.
I was grinding on an ER1150 WaterTorch frame and some sparks flew over the waterfill hole, which I had covered with a cloth to prevent impurities from falling in. The hole had been open for over a day and I had no concern about igniting hydrogen, but SOMETHING went WHOOSH as sparks ignited it.
Note that it didn't go BANG like a hydrogen explosion would. It went whoosh like an instant vacuum had happened and air was rushing in tofill the area.
I subsequently discovered that if I fill a 2 liter transparent popbottle with BG, then leave it sit for at least 15 minutes (with the lid off), the remaining mixture is implosive. If you ignite it too soon the result is VERY explosive because the hydrogen has not had a chance to escape. So, the ExW is heavier than air and will stay in the bottle as the hydrogen escapes. If the quality/quantity of the ExW is high enough to support combustion, it will IMPLODE with no pre-explosion.
It burns as a 'slow' imploding donut shaped flame as it moves downinside the bottle; quite interesting to watch.
Thus we are left with the conclusion that Brown's Gas is more than mon-atomic and di-atomic gas, adding a component of uniquely expanded water. The ExW is a combustible water in a gaseous form that is NOT steam or water vapor.
Another researcher also measures an anomality:
http://www.rexresearch.com/klein/klein1.htmAlthough the technology Klein uses -- electrolysis -- has been around for decades, he said it's the form of gas that comes out of his electrolyzer and the characteristics of the gas that set his hydrogen technology apart.
Klein's gas is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen. Sound familiar? Yep, it's water.
Electrolysis is a process that uses an electrical charge in water to separate the hydrogen from the oxygen. But coming out of Klein's gas generator, the H2O 1500 electrolyzer, it's not water, he said. Klein, president of Hydrogen Technology Applications Inc., calls it HHO, or the brand name Aquygen.
"You get a huge energy response," Klein said. "But this gas is very, very safe."
And there is Japanese research:
http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Ohmasa_Gas_by_Japan_Techno_Co.%2C_LtdI don't know the certain molecular structure, but we get a second water [type] on the Earth. All internal-combustion engines and generators can [conceivably] use this water fuel, exhausting watervapor. We want to make the water fuel that saves the Earth.
Also see:
http://pesn.com/2009/11/23/9501587_ChrisEckman_BrownsGas_model/BrownsGas_ChrisEckman_080501.dochttp://freeenergynews.com/Directory/BrownsGas/ChrisEckman_browns_gas_TeslaTech2009.ppthttp://brownsgas.com/http://www.energeticforum.com/water-fuel/5672-hydroxy-oxyhydrogen-rhode-s-gas-brown-s-gas-hho.htmlhttp://www.panacea-bocaf.org/hydroxygas.htmhttp://annex.wikia.com/wiki/HHO_gasA very interesting overview of water gas tech:
http://freeenergynews.com/Directory/Electrolysis/Moray_King/wf-zpe3.pdfhttp://peswiki.com/index.php/Video:Water_as_Fuel_(via_ZPE)
http://www.free-energy-info.com/MorayKing.pdf----
So far, we can conclude that besides Polack's fourth state of water another state of the water molecule exists, which is known under various names, amongst which HHO and Brown's gas are the most well known. Characteristic of the state of the water molecule is that it is a gas at room temperature and that it implodes instead of exploding, like a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen does.
Given that it is made using slightly less voltage in an electrolyser, I think Eckman is probably pretty close to the truth when he shows a streched water molecule which is thus not split into hydrogen and oxygen.
This means that because Meyer's cell works with an electric field created by a dielectric layer that Meyer's cell likely produces a mixture of exploding H2/O2 gas and Brown's gas.
Now this is a problem, because first of all imploding gas inside an engine cylinder of course opposes the explosive force we are utilizing in the engine. Secondly, the guys demonstrating the implosion to me said that this implosion is set off at temperatures as low as 150 degrees Celsius. This suggests Stan's "gas processor" may be needed to get rid of the Brown's gas within the mixture. Perhaps other reasons are also possible.
OTOH, Ohmasa claims engines can also be run on this type of gas and that is also what the guys demonstrating the implosion to me said. However, then you would need considerable adjustments to the sparking timing in the engine, because it would now become a "pulling" type of engine instead of exploding gasses "pushing" the piston down.
Either way, this stuff is definitely something to study and think about further.
