New thread for a new setup.

In april 2019 I posted a youtube video, showing radiant power.
Late 2019 I realised, this is only half of the system needed.
So I made the other half. This compliment circuit is a mirror of the high circuit shown in the april 2019 video.

Insted of switching, high, it switches L1 on the low side.
This provides a positive voltage impulse.
Which generates a negative voltage DC offset.
L2 is still series resonant like before, and receives the impulse generated by L1.

So now there are 2 circuits. For now I drive them by TTL, meaning they are out of phase 180 degrees. I might experiment with 90 degrees also, as this resembles the heartbeat that pump the blood through the heart.

The 2 circuits are called the High circuit, and the Low circuit (related to how they switch L1)
There are a total of 5 pancake coils in this setup (6 would be used to use it for health benefits).

first 4 coils:
I will add "h" and "l" to the coils to make clear what they are
High circuit:
L1h and L2h are close coupled equal pancakes.
L2h has a positive DC offset, and receives a negative impulse

Low circuit:
L1l and L2l are close coupled.
L2l has a negative DC offset, and recieves a positive impulse.

The two L2 pancake bifilar coils now will be setup as capacitor plates, With some distance between them, where the (single) L3 output coil is placed.

The DC offsets of L2h and L2l will setup a dielectric field between them. This makes it a capacitor.
The dielectric field generated by the plates (L2l and L2h) is then collapsed, by the alternating impulses.

The impulses depolarises the dielectric field between the L2 plates. This high dV/dT event, equals a longitudinal current.

The L3 output coil, sits in the middle of this rapid changing dielectric field. and will ring from the longitudinal impulses. The impulses kick L3 into longitudinal resonance.

The L1 coils, are on the outside of the 5 pancake coil stack. top and bottom. These coils produce strong magnetic fields, that also interact with L3, Together the L1's L2's will induce electricity in L3.
So we have dielectric induction and we have magnetic induction. 

I am in the middle of tuning. Or better said experimenting, for I have a clear picture in my mind, but often this proves to be wrong. The experimental data will lead me to the right configuration.

I made a instagram account to share photos.
https://www.instagram.com/master.ivo/

april 2019 radiant power video

I slowly added parallel capacitance to the L3 output coil, to slow the vibrations down.

The Idea is that the impulses of the L2 coils, match a half period of the L3 coil.
The L3 coil was a bit to fast and the impulses where to slow.

While slowing down the L3 resonant frequency, I noticed, the L2 impulses became faster.
This is a bit counter intuitive, as parallel resonance represents a high impedance.
Apparently the L2 needs to be low impedance for a fast impulse, while the L3 needs to be high impedance for a fast impulse.

I wondered about tuning L3 into series resonance, but seeing this effect, makes me first explore L3 parallel resonance.

To be clear, the L2 series resonance is several octaves lower than the L3 parallel resonance. This way, I can induce resonance in L3 from the L2 impulses, but also from the L2 series resonance (as a harmonic).
This works like a music instrument.... Tuning is essential.

Further more, I need to look into the strength of the currents in L2. I really need a lot of amps. Right now the series resonant voltage of L2 is very low, So I expect a low amperage also. I might need to crank up the input voltage, which causes new challenges.

I now run the 2 circuits in parallel from one source, since the pulse generator needs to works from the same shared ground. Opto couplers might be able to power the system from 2 series connected power sources. but... for now I dont need it.

The challenges lie in the buck/boost converters I use, to power the gate drivers. They are limited to maximal 32V. So If I would like to crank up my system above 32V I would need other buck converters.

For now, I keep focussing on tuning. It might be simpler than I expect. As the impulse voltage becomes higher when it becomes faster. I might even have to slow down the impulse, by adding capacitance over L1 (impulse generator coil).

What I also still need to do, is check if the current reduction from close coupling L1 and L2 also occurs, when L1 is made to be bifilar repulsive.

A Repulse bifilar L1 coil, is much faster, due to less capacitance, and opposing magnetic fields.

Lots of work to still do...

The Heart pumps blood, with 2 impulses, that are 90 degrees out of phase.

I wonder what happens when the 2 hairpin circuits that are capacitively coupled through their coils, are driven 90 (not 180) degrees out of phase.

since the L2 coil is series resonant, it already has its voltage and current 90 degrees out of phase.
When the 2 L2 coils are driven 90 degrees out of phase,
One should have max voltage, while the other has maximum current...

The impulses super imposed  on the L2 coils, would also be 90 degrees separated, which means the L3 coil, should at least be one octave higher than the L2 coil.

One  volt in relation to one Ampere is way out of proportion.

it's like comparing an appel with a sea freighter load of applesauce.

It becomes more equal in size when several kilo(1000) volts are compared to one ampere.

In the early days of electricity discovery, this was normal.
 When tubes where introduced they had voltages of 1500V across the tubes plates to set up a proper dielectric field in the vacuum of the tube.

We have been made afraid for "high" voltage, while we lowered the voltages and thereby upped the amps.

Smart, as more amps also means more losses due to heat/resistance.

My point being:
normal voltages, start above 1000V (1kV).

Be careful, it will bite you if you aren't careful.

 :emperor:

The L1 coils, generate the impulses. the less capacitance and resistance, and the more inductance, will give faster (less duration) higher voltage impulses (inductive spike/kickback).

When L1 as tesla bifilar, is close coupled to L2 (equal tesla bifilar pancake coil) the current consumption goes way down, while still producing a inductive spike (impulse).

Today I tested the difference between repulsion mode L1 and tesla mode L1.
With repulsion mode, the 2 windings of the bifilar coil are also series connected, but the connection is made from both outsides of the windings.

Tesla Bifilar pancake:
input: 0,12A 20.0V dc 2,4W giving a 700V impulse of 870nS duration

Repulsion Bifilar pancake:
input 1,39A 5,5V dc 7,65W giving a 700V impulse of 175nS duration.

The repulsion impulse is 5 times faster. and requires 3,2 more electricity.
It is more efficient. I can turn the voltage way down (5,5 instead of 20).

If I look at the numbers... Repulsion would win. Faster, higher voltages for less input voltage.

BUT
I strongly feel it is WRONG.
It isn't natural. The magnetic field is warped, distorted, when in repulsion mode.
Steinmetz in his second edition addition, gave a perspective on electricity generation. We need a trumped wave (swelling in amplitude), and he stated clearly, this should be the result of a constructive positive feedback between the output and the input.

I can't see a way that is constructive in the build up of a repulsion field in L1.
That's why, although the numbers tend to say its better, I will keep L1 in bifilar tesla mode.

Because the impulse generated is almost free. This is a good place to work from.

I would like to test one more time the dual setup, but without the center L3 output coil. And see what distance does to the system.
For now I work with 1200V max, giving a max of 2400V over the L2 plates.

Also, since I have decided to progress with L1 in telsa bifilar mode, I can add the oil to the system.
The High K dielectric oil (refined sunflower oil) should benefit the capacitance of the system.

Since I work with plus and minus DC offset on the two L2 coils, right now I could reach 2000V, but than I need to increase the tuning capacitance. this lowers the resonant frequency of L2. L3 also needs ti be tuned.

Less distance was needed since 1000V impulses are weak. 15kV is more likely to properly work.
For now I can reach 1700 volt impulses, giving a 3400V dc between the L2 pancake coil capacitor plates.

I had 14, and 20, now it will be around 5mm or even less.

the coils are all submerged in refined sunflower oil,
that works as a dielectricum. with high isolation voltage.

I need to ensamble these new circuits, and film assemblage

parallel resonance, sucks

series resonance is natural. works with impulse resonance.

This is the output section. L3 is series resonant. Full bridge is created over 2 series resonant tuning capacitors.
This drawing is only half of the total output (two of these exact stages. Cap after diodeed, should be a large HV DC bank, of large and slow elco's, combined with fast and smaller mkp10 caps. The caps also should have parallel bleed resistors, to balance the voltages, and drain the cap bank automatically (slowly). Ground is really important for the series resonance to work. Since both ends of the L3 coil are connected to series resonant capacitors. (I still tend to avoid grounding L3 directly to earth).

Another option would be making one (outside rim connected) series connected capacitor very big (stable voltage) to ground.
While the other (inside rim connected) capacitor is made resonant with L3, and acts as tuning capacitance.  This method only needs 2 diodes. (one pictured circuit only).

series resonant L3 output works.
got strange interesting results around 36kHz.
Going use that setting and play with the phase. I want to see what happens at 90 degrees phase shift.
I use a microphone to pick up the electric signal (antenna).

I increased capacity, but still get high voltages, just at a lower frequency.

ground planes could help with the discharges that still occur around 115kc

I have a 5 coil setup.
2x L1 (inductance to produce impulse)
2xL2 (series resonant)
1x L3 (out)

The two L2 coils both have a DC offset (made by the impulses)
Together, these 2 coils, form the PLATES of a capacitor.

So the L2 coils, are ONE capacitor. the voltage is set by the impulse voltages. The capacity is set by the distance between the L2 plates.
Since I have relative low voltage (2000V) I tend to keep the L2 plates close coupled.

If this is the capacitor of the system, what is the inductance? My best guess, is the L3 coil (combined with the L1 coils).
So If L3 is acting as a inductance, it would not make sense to tune the inductance down with capacitance. It would need inductance. but that is not very practical.

Tuning of the L2/L3 resonant system, is then only done, by changing the systems distance of the plates (changing L2 capacitance).

I do not want to stick my hands in the oil when the system is running, so ideally I would make a setup whereby I can change the distance of the coils.

I really need to sink this into my brain. this concept of L2 forming a cap, and L3 being the inductance.

In the end, the whole 5 coil system is a single system... very hard to grasp...

So, If the L2 is Cap and the L3 (and L1's) is coil.
I would say, dont tune L3 with series resonance tuning caps. no caps on L3 at all.the two  L2 plates are the cap (only tuned by distance)
But instead, tune the L2 (individual) series resonances, to line up the generated impulses, so they fire up the resonance of the L2 L3 cap/coil system.


This explains the discharges I get around 115kHz. I have been trying to figure out what it is, and some how, when I add capacitance, the frequency doesnt change. So this discharge, could be an inducation of the resonant frequency of the two L2 plates (cap) and the L3 coil.
But... I did change the distance of the L2 plates, so that should have changed the capacitance, and thus would have changed the resonant frequency.
It did seem so shift a bit. from 125kc to 115kc.  But It's to vague... did alot of testing. need to check again.
But it does same the plates coming closer, makes the frequency go down, due to increased capacitance.

It's also weird to think of the fact, I now have a capacitor, with a coil in between it's plates... very weird.  The inductance sits in the capacitance.
The magnetic field is set up to swirl inside a dielectric field.
It works... so thats nice.

Still
so many variables

Since I cant really change the capacitance of the L2 plates, except by changing the distance (a parallel capacitor over the two L2 plates would be an option also).

I could change the inductance of L3.
using 1.5mm2 speaker wire, I would get more windings and thus more inductance.

I want to tune it down because 115kc is a bit to high, It could damage my health.
I prefer 70kc or lower. best would be 36 to 42kc

I realize I missed one big part, that I need to adress first, before I can make the dual setup work.
First I need the single setup to fully work.

A single circuit, has a single L2 coil, with one single impulse per period.
The output L3 coil, is set into resonance from this combination of series resonant L2 and impulse.

So far I tuned L3 down to the same frequency, by adding parallel capacitance. It works it shows power. but nothing more.

I realise I need to let go of parallel resonance. Series resonance only.

I do not need to tune L3 at all, If I use odd harmonics.
If L3 isn't tuned down, it resonates at a much higher frequency. If we now tune the L2 coil as a sub harmonic of L3, and at the same time, tune the impulse duration to be a half period of L3, we should be able to make a growing amplitude trumpet wave form.

the first impulse is at 90 degrees,
or 0,25 (1/4) if the wave is 1

The second opposite polarity impulse is at 270 degrees (only used with dual system but it is the goal so we should account for it)
or 0,75 (3/4) if the wave is 1

frequencies can only be a multitude of 1

3rd harmonic works in phase (0,75)
7th harmonic works in phase
11th harmonic works in phase
15th, 19th,
since the 11th harmonic probably will work best, I'll tune to that one.

For example, If in the test setup, L3 is (untuned) set into resonance(or ringing) we can measure the resonant frequency of L3.
if for example it is 1100 kilo cycles per second
then the 11th sub harmonic is 100 kilo cycles,
15th = 73.333 kilo cycles
19th= 57.89kc

1100 kilo cycles=9.09 x10(-7th) second period.
a half period is 4.54 x10(-7th) seconds. This is what the impulse duration should be (454nS).

What I noticed is the impulse becomes faster, when the system becomes tuned.
If at one point the impulse becomes to fast, it should be slowed down by adding a small capacitance over L1 (several hundreds of pF).

So the tuning procedure is:
Make setup, whereby L2 and L3 are loose coupled (some distance).
let L3 ring, measure its resonant frequency.
calculate the 11th or 15th) sub harmonic frequency.
Tune L2 series resonance, to sub harmonic (11th or 15th)

Measure again. tuning one coil, will influence the other coil also, by mutual capacitance/inductance)

once L2 and L3 are tuned to the right harmonic frequencies, (3,7,11,15 or 19th)
L1 needs to be tuned, to set the right impulse duration.

I did a quick single circuit (high side switched L1) setup.
L2 close coupled to L1,
L2 loose coupled to L3. distanced around 19mm
All coils equal pancake coils.

distance, should be a factor influencing the L3 resonant frequency, due to mutual inductance/capacitance

I pulsed L1/L2 at 33kc, which gave a nice ring on L3.
L3 resonant frequency measured 912kc
912:11=82.9kc (11th  sub harmonic)
912:15=60.8kc
912:19=48kc
912:23=39.65kc

912 is 1.096uS  (period)
1.096:2=548nS (half period) this is the duration the impulse should be.
Measured impulse is now 875nS (to long) but when tuned, could drop....

If L3 was tuned down to 571kc it would now line up with the impulse duration. Distance could do some good, but probably not enough.

lets tune L2 to the right frequency

I tuned L2 to 38.149 kc and L3 showed increased amplitude ringing.
I need to keep the impulse on the positive maximum of L2.

impulse duration is now to long, so i really need to slow down L3

L3 is now to fast for the impulse.

Tuning down L3 with a parallel capacitance, will make the half period longer.
Parallel impedance, also will make the impulse on L2 faster, due to the sucking action of the higher impedance L3.

I'll add 330pF parallel to L3, and measure again.

I tuned L3 with 330pF parallel over it.
I let it ring again, and the resonant frequency has dropped to 549 kc
one period is 1.820 uS a half period is 910 nS.
Impulse speed L1 untuned, is 860nS (equal to previous).

the 7th sub harmonic is 78.4kc
the 11th sub harmonic is 49.91 kc (L2 tuned to this frequency)
the 15 th sub harmonic is 36.6kc

Now I can slow L1 down, by adding parallel capacitance over it, so it will line up with the 910 half period.
OR
I could speed up L3 a bit, so it will lign up (I rather keep L1 untuned)

Since the impulse speed is slightly faster, I will put a load on it and see what happens.

L3 is grounded on the outside rim, inside rim is half bridge rectified into DC capacitor bank.

EDIT: L1 was facing L3 should have been L2. WRONG DATA

scope shots:
new1 blue= L3 10:1 probe 5v/div unloaded, yellow is 100mV/100V L2
new2 blue= same but 10v/div

new3 is loaded, and stable.
load is a 230V 15W bulb(resistive)

on all tests:
0.34A 32.3Vdc input (slight change with load, but almost none)
F=47.009kc
test 1 and 2 : cap bank charged to over 500V dc
impulse is -900V at 800nS (slightly faster?)

Note the clipping of the blue L3, is due to max voltage of the cap bank, or due to the resistive load.
if the capbank wasn't present (unloaded) it would have kept charging to much higher (overload cap bank ) voltages.

The Impulse gives the power.
the ringing is stable when unloaded, it stays ringing on the same voltage until the next impulse hits. This is a good sign. But now we need to make it rise....

Also note, L2 distortions are translated to L3 distortions. I should tune L2 much better (I didnt really tune it, I just dialed in the frequency)

note that L3 when loaded, shows a much longer clipped signal, and no more ringing.
Why is that so much longer?

note the L3 reaction to the L2 impulse, is out of phase! Do I need other harmonics?

considerations:
remove L1 from close coupled L2?
L2 is barely showing a resonant sine (need to zoom in, to see it). Better tuning L2 to series resonant sine, with negative impulse on top of positive maximum.

use out of phase harmonics (from 549kc):
5th =109.8kc
9th=61
13th =42.23
17th =32.29

L1 is pulsed, L2 is series resonant and impulsed.
When close coupled, it results in a very low current draw, while still getting a massive impulse.
This is very imppressive, because where does the energy for the impulse come from?

However... The impulse is not the only element I need.
When close coupled, the series resonance is decreased in voltage. I should probe for the current, but I asume it's still rather large, since there is a massive impulse formed.

I want to increase the resonant voltage more of L2.
Since L2 is resonant, it will need some distance from L1. So it becomes a loose coupling.

I need to test, which distance between L1 and L2 works best.
best being defined by:
power consumed on the input (low current draw)
resonant voltage of L2
impulse voltage

I will test this, without L3.

My guess, it will be around 15mm lets see if it holds up.

Once the distance is set. I can again add L3 (also loose coupled) and create a resonant transformer.
A resonant transformer, like a double resonant tesla coil.
Whereby the primary and secondary are both resonant.
whereby the secondary is a higher octave harmonic, of the 5th 9th or 13th order.
Whereby the series resonant primary is impulsed.
resulting in a L3 that is induced into combined transverse longitudinal resonance.

But first... L1 L2 distance...

I tested L1 L2 coupling, without L3.
close coupled, 5mm and 15mm.

conclusions:
resonant frequency gives a ripple, and no impulse. This could be due to the relative large (90nF) series tuning capacitance.
above resonant frequency gives a impulse, but below resonant frequency gives a much better impulse.
The lower frequency impulse is little heavier on the current draw, but gives a much higher output.
15mm gave the lowest frequency (25,43kc) and the highest impulse voltage, around 1250V.
resonant voltage is never high, due to the large tuning capacitance of 90nF

all tests were equal, with 20.0V dc power, 90nF tuning capacity. equal coils are 2,5mm2
newfile7 and 8, are close coupled,
0.15A and 0.16A; 76.9kc and 43.9kc; spike 450V and 780V 900nS duration

newfile9 and 10: 5mm distanced;
0.18A 0.17A; 64.4kc 38.43kc; 600v 900v; 830nS

newfile 11 and 12; 15mm distanced;
0.19A  0.24A;  53.4kc 25.43kc ; 700V 1250V(!), 800nS

newfile 13 shows resonant frequency 43.6kc (15mm distanced), without spike, only ripple. seen this before due to relative large tuning capacity 90nF. current draw 0.64A(much higher)

note changing scale of yellow trace (100 and 200mV). measured at resonant point between L2 and tuning cap. used a 100:1 high voltage probe

After Reading Lecture 10 of the second edition of CP Steinmetz, waves impulses and transients, 1911
It came to me, I already create an output in L3, but now its essential to couple it back to L1.
The condition to do this is L3 receives impulses both on the positive maximum and negative maximum (voltage).

L3 needs to be in the middle between L1 and L2.

L1 needs to produce both impulses, positive and negative. This is done by using a half H bridge. one switch on the plus one switch on the minus of the L1 coil. by driving the switches out of phase, and with a 75% duty cycle, you get alternating impulses.

These impulses then can both be injected into a single L2 series resonant coil, that receives both impulses, on L2's voltage maximums.

L3 sits between the L2 and L1 (stack of 3 pancake coils).

Hysteresis is a delay between cause and action.
The cause is the impulse, and the (delayed)  action is the longitudinal Aether wave, that kicks L3 into magneto dielectric resonance (in phase current and voltage).

I noticed something weird yesterday. I did a test whereby L3 was coupled to L2.
L3 was tuned to the 7th higher octave of L2.
When tuned right, and coupled right, the higher frequency wave of L3 started oscillating on the lower frequency L2 wave.
When perfect tuned, the sine of L3 was the same as L2. No more higher frequency content. a pure sine, same frequency as L2.
That is so weird. I only need 400pF or so to tune L3, while L2 is tuned with 40nF. And still they couple to the same frequency.
 

Working on a brand new setup.

H bridge for L1 impulse generation (both positive and negative)

L2 still series resonant, but now with series tuning caps on both ends, terminated on both sides of L1.

L3 between L1 and L2.
all loose coupled.

goal : both impulses in single L2 coil.
negative Hysteresis
L3 positive feedback to L1

I finally completed my H bridge circuit. It can generate impulses up to 1200V
I did some quick tests and it also works to make a coil series resonant (caps on both ends of the coil).

Since the pancake coil is electricly different from both ends (inside and outside) it is not well suited for H bridge operation.
A pancake coil works best with a half bridge. (which needs a dual polarity power supply).

Therefor I will make a bifilar solenoid to work with the H bridge.
and in the future, also a half bridge circuit for the pancakes.

standby power of the h bridge is 3.5W
including 4 fans for the mosfets

I intend to build a half H bridge circuit to generate alternate polarity impulses from a coil from a dual voltage power supply.

these then will both be fed into a single series resonant bifilar pancake coil.

This is the simplest method to create a single series resonant coil with both polarity impulses super imposed on the voltage maximums.

No dc offset will be used.

Very insight full this H bridge project.
I could NOT get impulses, so I hooked up the L1 impulse coil only, without the L2 series resonant coil (which does workperfect).

The L1 is charged up nicely, but it can not discharge. it has no connection to anything (no ground) so instead it oscillates at a fairly low frequency. there is no spike at all, only a sine.

screenshots show full h bridge working, (green probe shows 35% duty signal imagine the other signal being out of 180 degrees phase with it).
blue and yellow probes are conneded to the ends of the coil (note outside rim gives higher voltage).

and the other screenshot  is only one half working (no polarity switching on the coil).
Note the sine wave.

This is from my new 4 channel scope, which I am still learning to master.

Conclusion: H bridge could be used with 2 impulse coils, which both are grounded. one on the positive other on the negative, this, way, one coil makes positive impulses (inductive spikes) the other negative impulses.

oh my...
I drawed out the H bridge with 2 L1 coils... grounded as said in previous post.
Thats posible... but... not what I had in mind at all.

So... H bridge is great for series resonant coil, not for impulse generation.
 :(

AH yes it can!  the two L1 impulse coils need to be grounded on the zero, between the positive and the negative supply. then it works.

BUT the impulse polarity will not be oppositve of the series resonant voltage maximum. but thats not bad.

Still this will run into trouble, as the impulse sees no ground to discharge into, as the series resonant L2 coil is floating when the mosfets are turned off (and the impulse is produced).  to fix this, L2 could be center grounded (as its a bifilar thats easy) but... that will cause other problems.

Basically it than becomes 2 half bridges. So better to continue with a single half bridge.
Starting with a proper dual voltage power supply. AH and that is what I already have.
I can easily make a half bridge, since I already have a high and low side switching module.
OK. back to work it is.

EDIT:
No... lets do this right. its so easy to set up 2 impulse coils. I need to see this work. I will finish this one first, then the half bridge will follow.
Also need to use 2 series resonant coils with this setup. Hmm thats mighty interesting. I'm getting more Ideas.
basically these are 2 half bridges run out of phase, with 2 series resonant coils, which both act as primary's  for a single secondary (L3)