This is sort of a take on how a homopolar generator works, but with a twist.
Ok, so assume you have a magnet in the shape of a pipe, with it magnetized along its length.
Now assume you have a central rod of Teflon (selected because it holds a negative charge very well). You put the rod lengthwise in the center of the magnet and affix it so it can't move or rotate. The rod has to be mounted such that it's electrically insulated so the charge can't drain off.
You put the magnet on a bearing so it can rotate, with the rod at it's axis of rotation (ie: the rod is exactly in the center of the pipe-shaped magnet).
You set up a self-charging system via triboelectric charge separation... some materials have a tendency to give up electrons easily (low work function material), whereas some have a tendency to attract electrons (high work function material)... you can look up the Triboelectric Series for good combinations of materials. So for instance, Teflon on the central rod, rubbing against rabbit fur lining the interior of the rotating magnet will cause the central rod to have a negative charge, whereas the rotating magnet will have a positive charge.
Now spin the magnet. What happens? The rod will build up a negative charge which interacts with the magnetic field, trying to spin the rod in the opposite direction to the magnet's rotation... but since the rod can't spin, that force is transferred back to the magnet... in other words, the rotating magnet will accelerate as it attempts to conserve the angular momentum of the magnetic field (of the rotating magnet) and static electric field (on the rod), which are acting against each other... a vector force. The faster it spins, the faster it wants to spin.
Now, take a look at the Right-Hand Rule for magnetism...
Point your index finger straight out... this represents the direction of current flow.
Point your other fingers at a 90 degree angle from your index finger... this represents the B field, the direction of the magnetic field.
Point your thumb straight up... this represents the direction of the resultant force.
"But Cycle, the direction of the current flow and the direction of the resultant force are in the same direction for a rotating cylinder! The two will cancel and the whole thing will spin to a standstill because there's no frame-dependent motion!"
Sure, except the Right-Hand Rule for magnetism pertains to positive charge... if you're using a negatively charged static electric field, you should reverse the direction your index finger is pointing.
"But Cycle, the resultant force is pushing straight outward! All that'll accomplish is a uniform outward pressure against the walls of the magnet, with no vector force!"
Sure, if the magnet was stationary against that resultant force... but General Relativity is a strange thing... by the time the resultant force pushes back against the rotor, the rotor has moved, so the resultant force is pushing at an angle... it's sort of the reverse of frame dragging. Think of it as "frame pushing".
This is known as a Lorentz transformation... a coordinate transformation due to a change in perspective from a stationary to a moving frame of reference. Since the virtual photons travel at c, the rotation of the rotor means that the virtual photons must travel a distance of 2*c*delta_T, where c = speed of light, and delta_T = time span between the rotor's interaction with the central rod, and the central rod's resultant force interacting with the rotor.
The faster the rotor spins, the greater that angle is, increasing the effective force transmitted (think in terms of an engine firing at just the right time such that the piston is pushing down with maximum force at the exact time that the crankshaft is at a 90 degree angle)... I'm not sure if we'd ever be able to spin it fast enough that the resultant force is pushing at the perfect 90 degree angle, though, without the rotor disintegrating.
Now imagine that you're standing on the outer surface of a transparent rotor, facing in the direction it's rotating. If you reverse the perspective such that you're looking at the movement from the perspective of the rotor, the rotor appears to be stationary, and the central rod appears to be rotating rearward, much like a road appears to be moving rearward from the perspective of a moving automobile. Thus the static electric field appears from the perspective of the rotor to be moving, and it's in the direction that corresponds to the Right-Hand Rule for magnetism, for a negative charge.
A static electric charge creates a static electric field. When the rotor is at a standstill, since a static electric field and a stationary magnetic field don't interact, nothing happens. But by spinning the rotor by hand, it causes a relative motion between the rotating magnetic field and static electric field, which causes the static electric field to create a magnetic field in the frame of reference of the rotor (but strangely, from the lab frame, no magnetic field from the static electric field should be apparent... from the lab frame, it just remains a static electric field, no magnetism at all). This frame-dependent magnetic field opposes the rotating magnetic field, imparting a vector force to the rotor.
That is frame-dependent torque, and that is why this device will work.
We've been building magnet motors the wrong way out. Or more to the point, we've been pointing our B fields inward or outward, when we should be pointing them along the axis of rotation... and we've been routing our B fields on the outside of the magnet, when we should be routing them through the middle of a cylindrical magnet to create a 'gearing effect' (two gears acting against each other rotate in opposite directions) between the cylindrical magnet's magnetic field and the frame-dependent magnetic field.
Given that cylindrical magnets which are magnetized along their length, when spun, generate unipolarly their own static electric field (positive on the outside of the magnet, negative on the inner surface), those electrons in the magnet which are pushed to the inner surface of the magnet by the magnet's rotation will be transferred to the central rod by the work function differential of the two materials mentioned above (Teflon and rabbit fur in this case). This acts to enhance the voltage build-up, and transfers those electrons so they're no longer traveling along with the rotor, instead they appear to be moving in the frame of reference of the rotor (but you'll note that from the lab frame, it's still a static electric field).Quote from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.205.6096&rep=rep1&type=pdf Where does the power come from to sustain rotation? The QVZPE field, which sustains the electrons in their orbits in the magnet. We're literally converting their microscopic rotation into macroscopic rotation which we can use. We steal a bit of energy from them, they grab more energy from the quantum vacuum to sustain their orbits.
How to control the speed of rotation? Well, the force generated is directly proportional to the voltage of the static electric field... so you'd have a wire connected to the central rod on one end, and to an adjustable spark gap on the other end. The spark gap's other electrode goes to ground (or to the positively charged frame of the machine, given that the rotating magnet is positively charged and will be charging the rest of the machine positively). To slow it down, narrow your spark gap.
How to stop it? Adjust the spark gap to zero, grounding the central rod and draining off the static electric field. The frame-dependent torque no longer exists, and the rotor slows to a stop.
Alternatively, you could place the central rod's support on a slide, such that when you want to vary the speed, you simply slide the central rod inward or outward. To stop it, slide the central rod all the way out of the rotor.
It should also be noted that the larger the outer diameter of the central rod (and thus the larger the inner diameter of the cylindrical magnet), the greater the torque will be. Since we're working with relativistic speeds of interaction via virtual photons, there is no tradeoff of speed for torque in this case (as there would be, for instance, when increasing the crankshaft throw of an internal combustion engine, which will get you more torque, but at the expense of a lower-revving engine due to piston speed limits due to combustion flame-front speed), since there's no way we could ever spin the rotor fast enough to outpace the propagation speed of the resultant force.
It should also be noted that I recently discovered that the above-described frame-dependent torque is how Searl is explaining the operation of his SEG, although I can't figure out how he's moving electrons inward to experience frame-dependent torque if the rotating magnets create a positively charged static electric field on their outer surface and a negatively charged static electric field in their center. Perhaps he's doing the same as I'm doing, only with an opposite charge (positive inside, negative outside), and relying solely upon unipolar generation of the static electric field in the rotating magnets, whereas I'm relying upon work function differential. I'll have to study it more.

Ok, so assume you have a magnet in the shape of a pipe, with it magnetized along its length.
Now assume you have a central rod of Teflon (selected because it holds a negative charge very well). You put the rod lengthwise in the center of the magnet and affix it so it can't move or rotate. The rod has to be mounted such that it's electrically insulated so the charge can't drain off.
You put the magnet on a bearing so it can rotate, with the rod at it's axis of rotation (ie: the rod is exactly in the center of the pipe-shaped magnet).
You set up a self-charging system via triboelectric charge separation... some materials have a tendency to give up electrons easily (low work function material), whereas some have a tendency to attract electrons (high work function material)... you can look up the Triboelectric Series for good combinations of materials. So for instance, Teflon on the central rod, rubbing against rabbit fur lining the interior of the rotating magnet will cause the central rod to have a negative charge, whereas the rotating magnet will have a positive charge.
Now spin the magnet. What happens? The rod will build up a negative charge which interacts with the magnetic field, trying to spin the rod in the opposite direction to the magnet's rotation... but since the rod can't spin, that force is transferred back to the magnet... in other words, the rotating magnet will accelerate as it attempts to conserve the angular momentum of the magnetic field (of the rotating magnet) and static electric field (on the rod), which are acting against each other... a vector force. The faster it spins, the faster it wants to spin.
Now, take a look at the Right-Hand Rule for magnetism...
Point your index finger straight out... this represents the direction of current flow.
Point your other fingers at a 90 degree angle from your index finger... this represents the B field, the direction of the magnetic field.
Point your thumb straight up... this represents the direction of the resultant force.
"But Cycle, the direction of the current flow and the direction of the resultant force are in the same direction for a rotating cylinder! The two will cancel and the whole thing will spin to a standstill because there's no frame-dependent motion!"
Sure, except the Right-Hand Rule for magnetism pertains to positive charge... if you're using a negatively charged static electric field, you should reverse the direction your index finger is pointing.
"But Cycle, the resultant force is pushing straight outward! All that'll accomplish is a uniform outward pressure against the walls of the magnet, with no vector force!"
Sure, if the magnet was stationary against that resultant force... but General Relativity is a strange thing... by the time the resultant force pushes back against the rotor, the rotor has moved, so the resultant force is pushing at an angle... it's sort of the reverse of frame dragging. Think of it as "frame pushing".
This is known as a Lorentz transformation... a coordinate transformation due to a change in perspective from a stationary to a moving frame of reference. Since the virtual photons travel at c, the rotation of the rotor means that the virtual photons must travel a distance of 2*c*delta_T, where c = speed of light, and delta_T = time span between the rotor's interaction with the central rod, and the central rod's resultant force interacting with the rotor.
The faster the rotor spins, the greater that angle is, increasing the effective force transmitted (think in terms of an engine firing at just the right time such that the piston is pushing down with maximum force at the exact time that the crankshaft is at a 90 degree angle)... I'm not sure if we'd ever be able to spin it fast enough that the resultant force is pushing at the perfect 90 degree angle, though, without the rotor disintegrating.
Now imagine that you're standing on the outer surface of a transparent rotor, facing in the direction it's rotating. If you reverse the perspective such that you're looking at the movement from the perspective of the rotor, the rotor appears to be stationary, and the central rod appears to be rotating rearward, much like a road appears to be moving rearward from the perspective of a moving automobile. Thus the static electric field appears from the perspective of the rotor to be moving, and it's in the direction that corresponds to the Right-Hand Rule for magnetism, for a negative charge.
A static electric charge creates a static electric field. When the rotor is at a standstill, since a static electric field and a stationary magnetic field don't interact, nothing happens. But by spinning the rotor by hand, it causes a relative motion between the rotating magnetic field and static electric field, which causes the static electric field to create a magnetic field in the frame of reference of the rotor (but strangely, from the lab frame, no magnetic field from the static electric field should be apparent... from the lab frame, it just remains a static electric field, no magnetism at all). This frame-dependent magnetic field opposes the rotating magnetic field, imparting a vector force to the rotor.
That is frame-dependent torque, and that is why this device will work.
We've been building magnet motors the wrong way out. Or more to the point, we've been pointing our B fields inward or outward, when we should be pointing them along the axis of rotation... and we've been routing our B fields on the outside of the magnet, when we should be routing them through the middle of a cylindrical magnet to create a 'gearing effect' (two gears acting against each other rotate in opposite directions) between the cylindrical magnet's magnetic field and the frame-dependent magnetic field.
Given that cylindrical magnets which are magnetized along their length, when spun, generate unipolarly their own static electric field (positive on the outside of the magnet, negative on the inner surface), those electrons in the magnet which are pushed to the inner surface of the magnet by the magnet's rotation will be transferred to the central rod by the work function differential of the two materials mentioned above (Teflon and rabbit fur in this case). This acts to enhance the voltage build-up, and transfers those electrons so they're no longer traveling along with the rotor, instead they appear to be moving in the frame of reference of the rotor (but you'll note that from the lab frame, it's still a static electric field).
The conduction electrons experience a force −ev × B which is mainly directed towards the central axis; as a result a negative charge appears in the body of the magnet, and a positive charge on its curved outer surface.
How to control the speed of rotation? Well, the force generated is directly proportional to the voltage of the static electric field... so you'd have a wire connected to the central rod on one end, and to an adjustable spark gap on the other end. The spark gap's other electrode goes to ground (or to the positively charged frame of the machine, given that the rotating magnet is positively charged and will be charging the rest of the machine positively). To slow it down, narrow your spark gap.
How to stop it? Adjust the spark gap to zero, grounding the central rod and draining off the static electric field. The frame-dependent torque no longer exists, and the rotor slows to a stop.
Alternatively, you could place the central rod's support on a slide, such that when you want to vary the speed, you simply slide the central rod inward or outward. To stop it, slide the central rod all the way out of the rotor.
It should also be noted that the larger the outer diameter of the central rod (and thus the larger the inner diameter of the cylindrical magnet), the greater the torque will be. Since we're working with relativistic speeds of interaction via virtual photons, there is no tradeoff of speed for torque in this case (as there would be, for instance, when increasing the crankshaft throw of an internal combustion engine, which will get you more torque, but at the expense of a lower-revving engine due to piston speed limits due to combustion flame-front speed), since there's no way we could ever spin the rotor fast enough to outpace the propagation speed of the resultant force.
It should also be noted that I recently discovered that the above-described frame-dependent torque is how Searl is explaining the operation of his SEG, although I can't figure out how he's moving electrons inward to experience frame-dependent torque if the rotating magnets create a positively charged static electric field on their outer surface and a negatively charged static electric field in their center. Perhaps he's doing the same as I'm doing, only with an opposite charge (positive inside, negative outside), and relying solely upon unipolar generation of the static electric field in the rotating magnets, whereas I'm relying upon work function differential. I'll have to study it more.
