Quote from lamare on September 13th, 2013, 01:55 AM

Quote from zaneaussie on September 13th, 2013, 01:43 AM

Hey again Lamare,

All very good points and also informative. If there is no other dielectrics needed to further condition the tubes then do you think that a DIY (Do it yourself) process for electro polishing is sufficient or does it have to be done professionally in which case it could become expensive depending on the amount of SS one is coating?

Well, there is no reason why one could not use a DIY process, provided one works carefully and precise and takes care of personal safety, because it appears (poisonous?) gas does come free during the process.

When one considers that even low quality conditioning processes work, one is tempted to conclude that any reasonably performed DIY electropolishing process should be perfectly adequate for proving the concept. Also consider Bedini's batteries, for example. These also show the wanted behavior without any attempt to consciously create a suitable layer.

The quality of the layer does not have to be extremely high in order for the concept to work. The higher the quality of the layer, the less current will be needed. But who cares whether one needs, say, 500 milliamps or, say, 100 milliamps???


As a matter of fact, when you DIY, you have the opportunity to tune the process to the application and thus can improve the system that way.

However, the easiest way to test this, is to find a source of off-the-shelf electropolished stainless. Since this used all over the place in the food processing industry, including farmers' milking installations, chances are pretty good one can find suitable tubes for reasonable prices at various stores and shops. The problem is that these are specified in terms of roughness, etc. and not in terms of thickness of the layer, so it may be challenging to figure out which particular items can be used and which not.

Well from what Lynx mentioned it was quoted as being in this range "The process draws a lot of current, anywhere from 25 to 150 amps per square foot"  so im guessing you would need to make some sort of special supply or device to do it.

Unfortunately I don't have the option to purchase pre-polished steel and also the prototype i'm working on has to be machined first and then put through this process. Not something I could easily do with pre-polished. Will have to look into it more...:idea:

Zaneaussie, could you please cut your quotes to the portion you are really reacting to?

I have to scroll through pages and pages with your replies..grrrr

Quote from zaneaussie on September 13th, 2013, 02:06 AM

Well from what Lynx mentioned it was quoted as being in this range "The process draws a lot of current, anywhere from 25 to 150 amps per square foot"  so im guessing you would need to make some sort of special supply or device to do it.

Or just polish smaller pieces.  But if you must do a large piece, some of the bigger RV battery chargers would work nicely.  You could also get lower voltage (3.3v), high amperage "computer type" switching power supplies to handle this range of current.

Quote from Dog-One on September 13th, 2013, 12:52 PM

Or just polish smaller pieces.  But if you must do a large piece, some of the bigger RV battery chargers would work nicely.  You could also get lower voltage (3.3v), high amperage "computer type" switching power supplies to handle this range of current.

Hey,
Oh yeah cool! You would need a few of them in parallel?

Although I have not read all the posts on this thread I don't believe Stan had the injectors working. Don (the guy who actually saw all of Stans stuff and talked to his estate owners) told me a while back that he could get the buggy to start but not run. I have heard this from other sources as well.

Also,  as some of you have mentioned there is not a single video showing the buggy running on the injectors. In one video he turns the key but the thing never starts.

If you look at all the requirements of the injectors and do an analysis you can see that the injectors would have some major obstacles to overcome.

Also,  in one of Meyer's wfc news releases there is a picture of the injector working (not installed in an engine). I think the injectors would be better suited to continuous use (I.e. jet engines,  heaters etc) rather than pulsed applications (like an internal combustion engine).

I bought a stick welder, 48V/160A, solely for the purpose of evaluating my dirt water brute force experiments, http://open-source-energy.org/?tid=562
I'll use that with a full wave rectifier, caps, variac and a rotameter for the electropolishing experiments also.
The idea is to follow D1's suggestion to first start out with unpolished plates, just to get a reference for how much power is needed for a fixed volumeflow of gas and then repeat the experiment after 5/10/15....... minues of polishing, see if it takes less (active) power to get the same volumeflow going.
In order for it to be as fair as possible I'll monitor the start and the end temperature of the water, see to it to use the same amount of water every time from the same source etc etc.
I have ordered the phosphoric acid so that should arrive sometime next week, that was the only hard thing to get a hold of, the rest I'll find on the gas station and the super market.

PS:
I'm expecting the voltage to drop to like 15V if the current goes up to 150-160A, goes with the nature ot the welding transformer
DS

The secret even Stan Meyer himself did not know


Somewhere in the period 1980-1985 Stanley Meyer ran his car on nothing but tap water.

Then it stopped working.

Why?

What happened?

He happened to have used electropolished stainless steel.

But he did not know that.

Nobody did.

And nobody found out.

Until 2013.

http://www.tuks.nl/wiki/index.php/Main/StanMeyersSecret

Quote from lamare on September 14th, 2013, 04:07 AM

The secret even Stan Meyer himself did not know


Somewhere in the period 1980-1985 Stanley Meyer ran his car on nothing but tap water.

Then it stopped working.

Why?

What happened?

He happened to have used electropolished stainless steel.

But he did not know that.

Nobody did.

And nobody found out.

Until 2013.

http://www.tuks.nl/wiki/index.php/Main/StanMeyersSecret

You make some good points there.

If you have listened to Stephen Meyer's interviews with James Robey (water fuel museum) he states that after some time the cell seems to die,  and then the tubes have to be replaced.

The way Steve explains it is that the oxide is removed (allowing the electrons in the fermi sea to react with the water). However, in my own study I could never fully what might have been happening.

The only questions I would pose to you is: Doesn't stainless steel form the cr2O3 passivation layer automatically when it's exposed to oxygen?

Perhaps the cell destroys the layer faster than it can grow back?

Quote from HMS-776 on September 14th, 2013, 01:25 PM

The only questions I would pose to you is: Doesn't stainless steel form the cr2O3 passivation layer automatically when it's exposed to oxygen?

Perhaps the cell destroys the layer faster than it can grow back?

Yes, the layer forms when the steel is exposed to oxygen.

BUT in that case, the layer becomes only a few nm thick. And that is the problem with normal passivation methods.

With electropolishing, you get a layer which is about 10-100 times thicker. And that is absolutely essential for the WFC to work properly.

This is not an aluminum based electrolytic capacitor, which can self repair. So, after a certain amount of time, the electropolishing process whill have to be repeated, or the steel replaced. All that can be done, so it is only a practical problem. And perhaps once this system breaks trough on the market, these problems can be solved, too.

It's the principle that matters now. The first gasoline engines were also not as perfect as today....

In short parts of this video you see/hear the dune buggy running on injectors.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXctY1K4wko (13:20)
Turn on the speakers and hear different RPMs during testing the engine. This version of the buggy, was the last version (red plastic water tank) with injectors.

I would have to agree, a "laser distributor" wouldn't be of much use any other way.

Quote from Amsy on September 14th, 2013, 02:13 PM

In short parts of this video you see/hear the dune buggy running on injectors.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXctY1K4wko (13:20)
Turn on the speakers and hear different RPMs during testing the engine. This version of the buggy, was the last version (red plastic water tank) with injectors.

Thanks a lot!

So, finally some evidence that the injectors actually worked up to a certain degree. It is a lot harder to do, though, because these appear to work on HHO or Brown's gas instead of hydrogen gas. The properties of Brown's gas are very interesting and do enable one to run engines on water. This is being discussed here:

http://open-source-energy.org/?tid=1373&pid=17511#pid17511

Besides the HHO gas, one needs water fog, AFAIK. And, as far as I can tell at this moment, one can achieve a COP of about 10-20 with HHO based systems. A friend of mine built one an he says he needs about 6 KW of power to run an engine delivering 50 KW of output power and about 30 kW of heat. Maybe others have been more successful, but Stan's original design needed much less input power than what these kinds of systems need.

--

Will update the article.

Hey Guys,

Now that we know the principle behind how the tubes operated we must be able to build on this concept?
If it is indeed correct that the electropolished surface degrades and makes the tubes become inoperable then the question becomes how long will the polishing last? is it a matter of driving 400 miles and then all of a sudden it needs another polish?

What possible ways are there to a)increase the life of the unit and b)further increase the capacitance?

For example a regular electrolytic capacitor uses 2 plates separated by an electrolyte but have a look at a supercapacitor and we start talking about some serious capacitance. Some people use them to start their cars with and run them instead of car batteries. So if we have a look at the concept upon which they operate ...



Is it then possible to apply a similar concept to the electropolishing plates?

For example separate the plates using some type of carbon layer? or other material?

Just my thoughts...

If you feel like having a read about super caps  supercaps

This is something worth watching that explains the difference between Brown's gas and typical electrolysis gas.  Moray also goes into some detail what the differentiating factor is:  cavitation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa2sjMN8sMc

Lamare,

If the passivation (oxide) layer is removed wouldn't that mean the electrons would react with the water more easily?
If the oxide was completely removed the ss should react with the water without any external circuit present.
(Then again ss is not a pure conductor like aluminum so I guess even if you completely removed the oxide it would still require an external circuit to produce the gases)

As an example look at the aluminum gallium water reaction. The gallium removes the aluminum oxide barrier and the the aluminum reacts with the water producing hydrogen and aluminum oxide.

I think you are definitely on to something, the only thing is I have not seen any scientific evidence to back your theory yet???  

What has lead you to your conclusion and understanding about the oxide layer?

Quote from Dog-One on September 14th, 2013, 08:18 PM

This is something worth watching that explains the difference between Brown's gas and typical electrolysis gas.  Moray also goes into some detail what the differentiating factor is:  cavitation.

Hey Dog,

Yeah I am familiar with Moray and his talks and it's always a great listen. Would greater capacitance not lead to greater "cavitation"? if that is what is causing greater production of Brown's gas?

Quote from zaneaussie on September 15th, 2013, 12:03 AM

Hey Dog,

Yeah I am familiar with Moray and his talks and it's always a great listen. Would greater capacitance not lead to greater "cavitation"? if that is what is causing greater production of Brown's gas?

Moray talks about using pulses to cause cavitation and I suspect with greater capacitance you likely could achieve higher amplitude resonance, but I think the real trick is finding a sweet spot where the electrical frequency hits some harmonic of the mechanical cell.  If you are exerting kinetic vibratory forces on the water, you're bound to induce cavitation.

The further you stray from simple DC, the closer you come to what Dale Pond refers to as sympathetic vibratory physics.  If you think about a capacitor as a device that separates charge, imagine the forces available on the plates.  You attract and repel at some specific frequency, those charge forces will cause the plates to physically vibrate.  Depending upon the mechanical rigidity of the plates, periodic change of the charge may cause substantial cavitation.  It would seem to me the charge force would need to be pretty strong to overcome the inertial mass of the plates, plus the water, so to get there you would need pretty high capacitance and a lot of charge.

Somewhere I recall seeing a wet cell where the plate thickness was a bit less than the slots cut to retain the plates.  It looked like a goof-up to me, but surprisingly the guy was able to produce copious volumes of gas.  Thinking back, I have to wonder if having the plates somewhat floating like that was allowing them to freely vibrate, which is virtually impossible to do with a dry cell.

Quote from Dog-One on September 15th, 2013, 01:28 AM

Moray talks about using pulses to cause cavitation and I suspect with greater capacitance you likely could achieve higher amplitude resonance, but I think the real trick is finding a sweet spot where the electrical frequency hits some harmonic of the mechanical cell.  If you are exerting kinetic vibratory forces on the water, you're bound to induce cavitation.

Thinking back, I have to wonder if having the plates somewhat floating like that was allowing them to freely vibrate, which is virtually impossible to do with a dry cell.

Hey Dog,

Yeah very good points. I have also wondered what might happen if we took 2 electropolished plates and drilled tons of tiny holes in them on the nano-meter scale akin to Stan's "quenching disk" holes. would this not also cause massive cavitation?
With the size of the holes would could also control the cavity and whence the frequency we are aiming for...
Once again thoughts and I think at this point it's just a matter of more experimentation really!

Quote from Dog-One on September 15th, 2013, 01:28 AM

Moray talks about using pulses to cause cavitation and I suspect with greater capacitance you likely could achieve higher amplitude resonance, but I think the real trick is finding a sweet spot where the electrical frequency hits some harmonic of the mechanical cell.  If you are exerting kinetic vibratory forces on the water, you're bound to induce cavitation.

Just how fast do the bubbles form on the cell walls?
Maybe there would be a greater exchange of gas if you were to subject the cell to some external, say piezo electric vibrator, so the bubbles are forced to break loose from the cell walls the very instance they're formed?
The more bubbles that forms on the cell surface the less current it takes as the bare cell area decreases in size, so perhaps a little help breaking loose the bubbles could be in order?

Quote from lamare on September 14th, 2013, 02:53 PM

Thanks a lot!

So, finally some evidence that the injectors actually worked up to a certain degree. It is a lot harder to do, though, because these appear to work on HHO or Brown's gas instead of hydrogen gas. The properties of Brown's gas are very interesting and do enable one to run engines on water. This is being discussed here:

http://open-source-energy.org/?tid=1373&pid=17511#pid17511

Besides the HHO gas, one needs water fog, AFAIK. And, as far as I can tell at this moment, one can achieve a COP of about 10-20 with HHO based systems. A friend of mine built one an he says he needs about 6 KW of power to run an engine delivering 50 KW of output power and about 30 kW of heat. Maybe others have been more successful, but Stan's original design needed much less input power than what these kinds of systems need.

--

Will update the article.

In the memos about the injector, there is written about 40kV so the water "explodes" in the injector. The most suitable process I found was this one:

http://open-source-energy.org/rwg42985/russ/Patents/Electrically_Induced_Explosions_in_Water.pdf

Small caps and HV are needed for a loud "blobb". Maybe this needs "much less input power". The result was, that the huge amperage which is created (because of shorting the filled cap to the injector) leads to that water is formed to fog (not steam). I think there is a huge magnetic field when such high amperage goes  through the water drop and forces the tiny water drops to form fog and pressure. It is like shooting water drops with magnetic fields.

They found after testing the fog, no evidence of steam or HHO.
Maybe Meyer found out, that his Charging Chokes have a Capacitance value, load them and fired in the right moment by discharging the capacitance to the injector.

The third (last) car, run without an HHO producer like a WFC. Only a water tank, a water pump, the water valves, the injectors and the VIC which Russ already replicated.

Quote from Amsy on September 15th, 2013, 02:51 AM

In the memos about the injector, there is written about 40kV so the water "explodes" in the injector. The most suitable process I found was this one:

http://open-source-energy.org/rwg42985/russ/Patents/Electrically_Induced_Explosions_in_Water.pdf

Small caps and HV are needed for a loud "blobb". Maybe this needs "much less input power". The result was, that the huge amperage which is created (because of shorting the filled cap to the injector) leads to that water is formed to fog (not steam). I think there is a huge magnetic field when such high amperage goes  through the water drop and forces the tiny water drops to form fog and pressure. It is like shooting water drops with magnetic fields.

They found after testing the fog, no evidence of steam or HHO.
Maybe Meyer found out, that his Charging Chokes have a Capacitance value, load them and fired in the right moment by discharging the capacitance to the injector.

The third (last) car, run without an HHO producer like a WFC. Only a water tank, a water pump, the water valves, the injectors and the VIC which Russ already replicated.

I collected some documents about water arcs and such:
http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolysis_Water_Arc_and_Dielectric_Breakdown/

One of them is a witness report about Stan's invention:

http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolysis_Water_Arc_and_Dielectric_Breakdown/Meyer%20-%20Electronics%20World%20and%20Wireless%20World%20-%201991.pdf

Quote

Meyer claims to have run a converted VW on hydrogen/oxygen mixture for the last four years using a chain of six cylindrical cells. He also claims that photon stimulation of the reactor space by optical fibre piped laser light increases gas production.

This connects very nicely to Prof. Pollack's work, who also concluded that light influences the EZ zone forming, which I think is one and the same phenomenon as HHO gas. Pollack also names a specific wavelength which works best, which is an infrared wavelength IIRC.

There are also a number of documents by Graneau, who appears to have done a lot of research on fog explosions.

-:-

What is important to realize is that there are two separate energy flows associated with discharging a HV cap (over a spark gap) or a coil, whose primary circuit is suddenly disconnected:

1) the electric field - a movement in/of the aether itself

2) electron / charged bound currents.

This first energy flow is what Tesla associated with "disruptive discharges" and which would result in interesting effects, including charging capacitors at a distance. And that energy flow is never considered within common engineering theory. Yet, it is there and - according to Turtur - this has the power to provide excess energy.

With a polarized dielectric, the effect of the field can be enhanced, so to speak. Without that, things are much more complicated, yet a COP > 1 is still achievable with "disruptive discharges". Apparently, "arcs" which form a plasma, also do something in this direction, but which is not clear to me at the moment. This happens especially with water arcs and has been observed to be capable of providing excess energy in a process called "cold fusion".

Quote from lamare on September 15th, 2013, 12:23 PM

This connects very nicely to Prof. Pollack's work, who also concluded that light influences the EZ zone forming, which I think is one and the same phenomenon as HHO gas. Pollack also names a specific wavelength which works best, which is an infrared wavelength IIRC.

I have always wondered about this because it makes absolutely no sense to me. I know this little simulator has been posted before but it does serve to demonstrate that at least photonically speaking infrared wavelengths does nothing at all to excite a hydrogen atom. Here is the link
One really needs to get into the extreme UV range and even X-ray range for light to affect the hydrogen electron and ionization doesn't even occur until you hit the 90nm wavelength.

So unless i'm misunderstanding something or there is another mechanism at play could someone please tell me how this is possible?

Also I have seen experiments with HID (High Intensity Discharge) lamps (the same ones you can convert your car so that your headlights turn blue) where gas production is greatly increased using very powerful 30000k HID lights, now this actually makes sense as some of the wavelength emitted from these bulbs are extremely high and a small amount of them falling within ionization ranges.

Only other thing that I can think of that may play a part is the fact that frequency is usually calculated using the speed of sound in air (being 340.29 m / s) but in water the speed of sound is many magnitudes faster (coming in at roughly 1500 m/s in ambient temperature) so does this mean then that water acts as a type of lens magnifying the frequency of the input wave?

Further to this is the fact that the videos I have seen on this on youtube have all been removed....

Quote from zaneaussie on September 15th, 2013, 04:18 PM

Quote from lamare on September 15th, 2013, 12:23 PM

This connects very nicely to Prof. Pollack's work, who also concluded that light influences the EZ zone forming, which I think is one and the same phenomenon as HHO gas. Pollack also names a specific wavelength which works best, which is an infrared wavelength IIRC.

I have always wondered about this because it makes absolutely no sense to me. I know this little simulator has been posted before but it does serve to demonstrate that at least photonically speaking infrared wavelengths does nothing at all to excite a hydrogen atom. Here is the link
One really needs to get into the extreme UV range and even X-ray range for light to affect the hydrogen electron and ionization doesn't even occur until you hit the 90nm wavelength.

So unless i'm misunderstanding something or there is another mechanism at play could someone please tell me how this is possible?

Pollack experimented with water when subjected to hydrophobic materials. What happens then is that the water comes in a state which is believed to be somewhat in between liquid water anc ice.

What it does, is form a honeycomb crystal, very similar to the crystal structure it forms when freezing. However, in frozen state, the crystal is rigid because layers of these crystals are bound to one another by hydrogen atoms. These bridges between the layers make that these cannot move with respect to one another and thus the structure as a whole gets rigid.

In the state which Pollack call s "EZ", for exclusion zone, microspheres and other contaminations are pushed away into the bulk water, which suggests a connection to ice crystals. They observed the thickness of this EZ layer to grow when infrared light is radiated on to the test material and they found a specific wavelength which works best:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eS4PkR_BkRo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eS4PkR_BkRo

What they also found is that the bulk water becomes acid, which is what you expect when hydrogen atoms, which hold the icy crystal structure together, are absent in this liquid crystal structure. And, because the hydrogen ions H+ are leaving the crystal when this is formed, the crystal structure itself - the EZ zone - gets negatively charged.

The negative charge aspect as well as the crystal structure are talked about / suspected to also play a role with Brown's gas by Chris Eckman, one of the few academics who researched Brown's gas, based on which I believe we are looking at one and the same phenomena.

So, the mechanism is a different one, indeed. This deals with crystalizing and not so much with ionizing, although the H+ ions which enter into the bulk water are, well, inonized, of course.

Of course, at this moment the connection between Brown's gas and Pollack's  EZ zone is not a hard conclusion. I suspect this is the case, though, because it would make sense.

Quote from lamare on September 15th, 2013, 11:37 PM

Pollack experimented with water when subjected to hydrophobic materials. What happens then is that the water comes in a state which is believed to be somewhat in between liquid water anc ice.

What it does, is form a honeycomb crystal, very similar to the crystal structure it forms when freezing. However, in frozen state, the crystal is rigid because layers of these crystals are bound to one another by hydrogen atoms. These bridges between the layers make that these cannot move with respect to one another and thus the structure as a whole gets rigid.

In the state which Pollack call s "EZ", for exclusion zone, microspheres and other contaminations are pushed away into the bulk water, which suggests a connection to ice crystals. They observed the thickness of this EZ layer to grow when infrared light is radiated on to the test material and they found a specific wavelength which works best:


The negative charge aspect as well as the crystal structure are talked about / suspected to also play a role with Brown's gas by Chris Eckman, one of the few academics who researched Brown's gas, based on which I believe we are looking at one and the same phenomena.

So, the mechanism is a different one, indeed. This deals with crystalizing and not so much with ionizing, although the H+ ions which enter into the bulk water are, well, inonized, of course.

Of course, at this moment the connection between Brown's gas and Pollack's  EZ zone is not a hard conclusion. I suspect this is the case, though, because it would make sense.

Hi Lamare,

Yeah well that makes sense, and I'm guessing this is the same thing Moray King talks about..charged gas clusters and the formation of Rydberg Matter! Also Chris Eckman states roughly 15% of regular water electrolysis make the wanted Brown's gas. If this is indeed the case then it leaves open a whole new area of research in how one might create these chains or crystals and what facilitates the formation of such clusters! I believe Moray mentions that the water molecule essentially forms like this HOHOHOHOHOHO etc and when circulated end up forming a toroidal shape, much like the ancient egyptian wall carvings showing a snake eating its own tail..

This begs the question, are tubes really the best way to create the clusters?

Just my thoughts...

Quote from lamare on September 15th, 2013, 12:23 PM

I collected some documents about water arcs and such:
http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolysis_Water_Arc_and_Dielectric_Breakdown/

One of them is a witness report about Stan's invention:

http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolysis_Water_Arc_and_Dielectric_Breakdown/Meyer%20-%20Electronics%20World%20and%20Wireless%20World%20-%201991.pdf

Quote

Meyer claims to have run a converted VW on hydrogen/oxygen mixture for the last four years using a chain of six cylindrical cells. He also claims that photon stimulation of the reactor space by optical fibre piped laser light increases gas production.

This connects very nicely to Prof. Pollack's work, who also concluded that light influences the EZ zone forming, which I think is one and the same phenomenon as HHO gas. Pollack also names a specific wavelength which works best, which is an infrared wavelength IIRC.

There are also a number of documents by Graneau, who appears to have done a lot of research on fog explosions.

-:-

What is important to realize is that there are two separate energy flows associated with discharging a HV cap (over a spark gap) or a coil, whose primary circuit is suddenly disconnected:

1) the electric field - a movement in/of the aether itself

2) electron / charged bound currents.

This first energy flow is what Tesla associated with "disruptive discharges" and which would result in interesting effects, including charging capacitors at a distance. And that energy flow is never considered within common engineering theory. Yet, it is there and - according to Turtur - this has the power to provide excess energy.

With a polarized dielectric, the effect of the field can be enhanced, so to speak. Without that, things are much more complicated, yet a COP > 1 is still achievable with "disruptive discharges". Apparently, "arcs" which form a plasma, also do something in this direction, but which is not clear to me at the moment. This happens especially with water arcs and has been observed to be capable of providing excess energy in a process called "cold fusion".

Thank you for the link with the document. :idea:
Stanley Meyer always said, that the injector is a tiny water fuel cell.
Do you think, they worked similar? We know from the memo, that the injector (and also the WFC) worked with short, high voltage pulses, like also the components in the documents you linked which can create high pressure of water fog in an injector.

Imagine, to do the same on the WFC, which is similar built like the injector. Does this make sense? Maybe he used this high amperage mechanism (cause of the high voltage) to split the water effectiv.

We all know Stan´s "Step Charge" sketch*, which looks similar to a capacitance step charge. He gated (turn off) the "Puls Train" to discharge the potential to the WFC... like the researchers do, e.g. Greneau.
The difference is to use tiny amount of water (injector) or a lot of water (WFC).
But this was the process he described and the sketches show, it seems, that the pulses load a capacity which will be discharged every time the puls train turned off.