Theoretic foundation: the electret effect

lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #25, on June 30th, 2013, 03:20 PM »
Posted a YouTube video about this:

How Stan Meyer's "Car on Water" as well as "Cold Fusion" actually works.



An Electrical Engineer (MSc) explains how Stan Meyer's car on water actually works, connecting many dots, a/o with the so-called "cold fusion" experiments which rocked the scientific world in the 1980s and which are still being debated.

I already published this theory here, with lots of references, etc.:
http://open-source-energy.org/?tid=1168

References:
Prof Claus Turtur's paper: http://www.gsjournal.net/old/physics/turtur1e.pdf

Papers, etc. about Dielectric break down, water arcs, "cold fusion", etc., etc.:
http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Dielectric_breakdown_Avalanche_Multipactor/
http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolysis_Water_Arc_and_Dielectric_Breakdown/
http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolytic_Caps_and_Super_Caps/
http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Cold_Fusion/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion

A description of a/o the 4 replications mentioned and their results:
http://www.free-energy-info.tuks.nl/Chapt10.html

What's wrong with Einstein's theory and Quantum Mechanics:
http://www.tuks.nl/wiki/index.php/Main/Ruins96YearsEinsteinRelativity
http://www.tuks.nl/wiki/index.php/Main/QuestioningQuantumMechanics

Lynx

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #26, on June 30th, 2013, 08:51 PM »
Thanks for sharing, Lamare
It would be so sweet if a few experiments could somehow shatter the workings of modern quantum physics, shake
the very foundation of the only valid recognised established world of science that exists today, that which holds the
"truths" to what should be found in school books etc.

Like for instance the mystery about the falling Neodynium magnets.
Why DO the magnets NOT accelelerate at 9.81 m/s2?

lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #27, on July 1st, 2013, 01:53 AM »Last edited on July 1st, 2013, 02:05 AM by lamare
Quote from Lynx on June 30th, 2013, 08:51 PM
Thanks for sharing, Lamare
It would be so sweet if a few experiments could somehow shatter the workings of modern quantum physics, shake
the very foundation of the only valid recognised established world of science that exists today, that which holds the
"truths" to what should be found in school books etc.

Like for instance the mystery about the falling Neodynium magnets.
Why DO the magnets NOT accelelerate at 9.81 m/s2?
A friend of mine is working on the replication of a very interesting experiment, which has already been performed in 1834 by Charles Wheatstone:

http://www.energeticforum.com/renewable-energy/11853-anyone-feels-like-repeating-wheatstones-1834-experiment-disprove-einstein.html

The idea is to use optical sensors coupled to an oscilloscope in order to make a much more reliable measurement. However, this kind of electronics is very sensitive to EM radiation, so it will have to be mounted in a metal case. And there may be other unexpected problems ahead of us, but it should be possible to measure the propagation speed of "electricity" this way, since it has been done before with essentially nothing but Leyden jars and spark gaps.

If this experiment succeeds and we indeed measure propagation speeds well above the speed of light, as in sqrt(3) times as fast, then of course we have something very interesting for main stream science to chew on. :D

However, we won't know for sure until we get into the situation that we can sufficiently shield the EM radiation generated by the spark gaps and the long wires in order to make a reliable measurement. We will just have to wait and see.


Quote from Lynx on June 30th, 2013, 08:51 PM
Like for instance the mystery about the falling Neodynium magnets.
Why DO the magnets NOT accelelerate at 9.81 m/s2?
Gravity is still very much misunderstood by main stream science. Actually, gravity is directly related to the electric field. Paul Stowe published an excellent aether theory some time ago, explaining what gravity is:
http://www.tuks.nl/wiki/index.php/Main/StowePersonalEMail
Quote
I have determined that in my opinion all of physical processes can be defined in terms of the aether populational momenta (p). Such that,

Code: [Select]

 Force     (F) -> Grad p
 Charge    (q) ->  Div p
 Magnetism (B) -> Curl p

Gravity for example is Grad E where E is the electric potential at x. This resolves to Le Sagian type process as outlined in the Pushing Gravity models. The electric potential E in turn is created by charge which is Div p...
So, besides not understanding that gravity is the gradient of the electric field, it is also not understood that the magnetic field is a rotational movement in/of the aether. Once you realize that it is, then it is clear that a permanent magnet creates a vortex in the aether, and thus there is a resulting net aether flow trough the center of the vortex.

It should not be a surprise that such a net aether flow trough a magnet influences the way such an object reacts to "gravity", much like asymmetric capacitors aka "lifters" do:

http://jnaudin.free.fr/lifters/main.htm



Matt Watts

Tetryonics: Quantum Gravitation - T106
« Reply #28, on July 1st, 2013, 08:42 PM »Last edited on July 1st, 2013, 08:43 PM by Matt Watts
I highly recommend watching this video and if anything presented is clearly understood, go back and watch all 30 of his videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puJls48Gsb8

His explanation for gravity is rather simple.  It is due to the zero space of Matter--all surrounding forces attempt to collapse this zero space to find equilibrium.  Also, do not confuse Gravity with Gravitational Force.  Gravitational Force includes Gravity, Charge Force and Magnetic Force due to Angular Momentum.

Of all the information I have studied over the years, Tetryonics makes by far more sense than anything else proposed to explain how the universe actually works.

lamare

Nickel hydroxide - the key to success?
« Reply #29, on August 23rd, 2013, 02:33 AM »Last edited on August 23rd, 2013, 02:48 AM by lamare
I have studied and collected some more material about electrolytic capacitors and super capacitors:

http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolytic_Caps_and_Super_Caps/

As I said, Nickel hydroxide appears to be the key to building succesfull water fuel cells, because it is an insulator, a good dielectric and insoluble in water:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel(II)_hydroxide
Quote
Nickel(II) hydroxide Ni(OH)2 is an insoluble compound with strong redox properties and widespread industrial and laboratory applications. It most commonly is used in rechargeable battery electrodes, by oxidation to nickel(III) oxide-hydroxide.
There appear to be two ways for growing a layer of Nickel Hydroxide on top of stainless steel:

1) First deposit a layer of nickel, and then oxidese that layer using a OH solution, like KOH or NaOH;

2) Directly grow a layer of nickel hydroxide on your metal plate using a  nickel nitrate solution, which would be the hydrated version of nickel nitrate..

Here are some articles, with more detailed info:

http://bit.ly/1d9Oquj
Quote
The nanostructured nickel hydroxide films were deposited from 0.08 M Ni(NO3)2·6H2O aqueous solution at a potential of -0.90 V vs. Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl solution) electrode.
http://bit.ly/1d8b1rZ
Quote
The galvanostatic study was conducted in an electrolyte solution containing 100 ml each of 1.02 M nickel nitrate solution as catholyte and anolyte.
This article specifically mentions the depositing of Ni(OH)2 on top of stainless steel:

http://bit.ly/152je73
Quote
Amongst these electrode materials, Ni(OH)2 is considered to be the most promising for applications in energy/power storage devices, due to its low cost and well-defined electrochemical redox activity.

[...]

Ni(OH)2 was electrochemically deposited onto stainless steel(SS) foil in an electrolyte solution of 0.1M Ni(NO3)2 • 6H2O under galvanostatic conditions.
This would be the most ideal way to get this done.

It appears that it is also possible to use nickel plating first and then an OH solution. KOH appears to be the most common used.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_electroplating
Quote
Nickel electroplating is a technique of electroplating a thin layer of nickel onto a metal object. The nickel layer can be decorative, provide corrosion resistance, wear resistance, or used to build-up worn or undersized parts for salvage purposes
.

This article, about the behavior of nickel in KOH solutions confirms that it is possible to form Ni(OH)2 on top of nickel using a KOH solution and confirms that  Ni(OH)2 is a good insulator:

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00615395#page-1
Quote
It is also clear that the products formed in the potential region of the first anodic peak correspond in part to the electro-oxidation of hydrogen and to the formation of a non-conducting layer of Ni(OH)2.
Also see:

http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolytic_Caps_and_Super_Caps/Vischer%20et%20al%20-%20The%20anodic%20oxidation%20of%20Nickel%20in%20Alkaline%20solution.pdf


Note that the dielectric layer needs to be gown on the postive plate (anode) only. The negative plate (cathode) is a contact plate, not an active plate, as in any electrolytic capacitor.

lamare

Chromium oxide instead of Nickel
« Reply #30, on September 4th, 2013, 08:21 AM »Last edited on September 4th, 2013, 11:13 AM by lamare
I have done some further studies. First of all, Nickel based super capacitors use redox reactions and are called pseudo-capacitors:

http://bit.ly/14quwD4
Quote
1.2.3 Nickeliferous redox supercapacitors

Porous nickel oxide is always attracting peoples’ attention due to its lower cost and easy availability.
[...]
The electrical reaction during charge (producing electrons, Ni (II) is oxidized to be Ni (III)) and discharge (extraction of electrons, Ni (III) is reduced to be Ni (II)).
This article describes two types of charge storage mechanisms for supercapacitors:

http://bit.ly/1d9Oquj
Quote
Base upon their charge-storage mechanisms, supercapacitors can be classified into two types. One is the electric double-layer capacitor, and the other is the redox capacitor. In the former, energy storage arises mainly from the separation of electronic and ionic charges at the interface between electrode materials with high-specific area (such as carbon) and the electrolyte solution. In the latter, fast Faradaic reactions take place at the electrode materials at characteristic potentials, as in batteries.

To develop an advanced ECs device, an active electrode material with high capacity performance is indispensable. Initially, noble metal oxides exhibit much higher specific capacitance than conventional carbon materials and better electrochemical stability than electronically conducting polymer materials, such as RuO2 have exhibited prominent properties among various pseudocapacitor materials. Hu and Chen reported that the specific capacitance of RuO2 was even as high as 1500 F g–1 in RuO2/AC composite electrode. However, the high cost of these noble metal materials limits it from commercialization.

Therefore, the development of alternative inexpensive electrode materials with high performance has been one of the most active research fields of electrochemistry during the last few years. Several transition metal oxides and hydroxides have been investigated e.g. NiO, CoOx, MnO2, Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2, etc. Among these candidates, Ni(OH)2 is known as a promising electrode material for applications in energy/power storage devices, especially ECs, is attractive in view of its low cost, its well-defined electrochemical redox activity and the possibility of enhanced performance through different preparative method.
More on supercapacitors in this overview: http://bit.ly/1a6ABZT

This means that Nickel bases oxides are not suitable for our purposes. Too bad...

However, chromium oxide appears to have a dielectric constant comparable to that of Aluminum Oxide used in normal electrolytic capacitors:
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963PhRv..129.1561F
Quote
The dielectric constants of Cr2O3 were measured at 25.5°C by a two-terminal substitution method on specimens cut from single crystal. The average dielectric constants thus obtained are: at 1 kc/sec parallel a axis 13.3, parallel c axis 11.9; at 2 Mc/sec parallel a axis 13.0, parallel c axis 11.8.
And chromium oxide is actually the layer which is being grown on stainless steel in order to "passivate it". So, it appears that all we need to do is passivate it in such a way that we get a layer which is thicker than the normal few nanometers.

The process called "electropolishing" is very similar to how a dielectric layer is grown in aluminum in electrolytic capacitors and appears to be usable:

http://www.globalstainlesstechnology.com/GST_BHM_Article_9-27-99.PDF
Quote
This process utilizes a reducing acid environment in conjunction with substantial DC power. The article to be polished is suspended in the medium via means of a conductive support, which is connected, to the +ve terminal, anode, of the power supply.
A similarly supported cathode is placed in the bath at a suitable location with respect to the article to be polished. The article is polished by the progressive removal of metal from the article's surface.
The electropolishing process removes Iron and Nickel from the metal surface to a depth of some 20-30 angstroms (depending on exposure time). The result is a dense film of Chromium oxyhydroxide across the metal surface, and so the surface may be defined as passive. At completion of polishing the article is removed from the bath and rinsed.
Electropolishing provides the most dense and durable passive film that it is possible to achieve.
Electropolishing should be the consumer's choice of preference for maximizing a stainless product’s durability.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electropolishing
Quote
Electropolishing, also known as electrochemical polishing or electrolytic polishing (especially in the metallography field), is an electrochemical process that removes material from a metallic workpiece. It is used to polish, passivate, and deburr metal parts. It is often described as the reverse of electroplating. It may be used in lieu of abrasive fine polishing in microstructural preparation.
http://www.bssa.org.uk/topics.php?article=131
Quote
The electropolishing process for stainless steels

The process uses relatively low voltages of between 12 and 18 volts, but with large currents of between 750 and 3000 amperes. This gives anode current densities around 20 to 40 amps/dm2 (amps per square decimetre). The stainless steel item that is being electropolished is the anode in this direct current cell. Electrolytes used are usually mixtures of phosphoric and sulphuric acids.

The process takes around 10-20 minutes.
Here's a document about how this is done in the industry:

http://www.euro-inox.org/pdf/map/Electropolishing_EN.pdf
Quote
The electropolishing process removes the nickel and the iron preferentially, leaving a surface rich in chromium. This phenomenon accelerates and improves the passivation of electropolished surfaces
All in all, this appears to be well worth studying further. Especially the properties regarding electrical insulation need to be considered.


lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #31, on September 4th, 2013, 12:08 PM »Last edited on September 4th, 2013, 12:08 PM by lamare
An excellent source on electropolishing is this paper, wherein we read just what we needed to know:

http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolytic_Caps_and_Super_Caps/Irving__LC_electropolishing-stainless-steel-implants.pdf
Quote
The viscous film surrounding the anode has a high ohmic resistance which is proportional to the film thickness.
This is confirmed in this article:

http://bit.ly/1ajIQFz
Quote
A typical polarisation curve is shown in Fig1, from which the ionic transport number ti can be extracted. Fig.2 gives the distribution map of ionic transport number with temperature and applied voltage in Cr2O3 scales. The map reveals that Cr2O3 is an insulator at room temperature and becomes a mixed ionic and electronic semiconductor when the temperature is increased.
This patent describes the electropolishing process in more detail:
http://bit.ly/14Z2RNe

Since we already found that Cr2O3 has a dielectric constant comparable to aluminum oxide used in electrolytic capacitors, Cr2O3 appears to be a suitable layer indeed.

So, it appears that the big secret is to use electropolished stainless steel.

:D



Matt Watts

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #32, on September 4th, 2013, 01:08 PM »
Quote from lamare on September 4th, 2013, 12:08 PM
So, it appears that the big secret is to use electropolished stainless steel.
So you darn near have a conviction there detective.  Can we possibly find some resources to obtain electropolished SS?  And one better, anyone have some of Stan's purchase receipts to see if the chances are real good that is exactly what he did?

lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #33, on September 4th, 2013, 01:15 PM »
Quote from Dog-One on September 4th, 2013, 01:08 PM
Quote from lamare on September 4th, 2013, 12:08 PM
So, it appears that the big secret is to use electropolished stainless steel.
So you darn near have a conviction there detective.  Can we possibly find some resources to obtain electropolished SS?  And one better, anyone have some of Stan's purchase receipts to see if the chances are real good that is exactly what he did?
Electropolishing appears to be a very common process, which is used for about all medical applications using stainless steel, and likely for a lot of applications in food processing, too. So, I guess it should not be too hard to find a company nearby which can do that.

Matt Watts

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #34, on September 4th, 2013, 01:30 PM »
Excellent.

Okay, refresh my memory.

Inner tube, is that anode or cathode?

Which, anode or cathode needs the electropolishing?

Jeff Nading

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #35, on September 4th, 2013, 04:56 PM »
Quote from lamare on September 4th, 2013, 01:15 PM
Quote from Dog-One on September 4th, 2013, 01:08 PM
Quote from lamare on September 4th, 2013, 12:08 PM
So, it appears that the big secret is to use electropolished stainless steel.
So you darn near have a conviction there detective.  Can we possibly find some resources to obtain electropolished SS?  And one better, anyone have some of Stan's purchase receipts to see if the chances are real good that is exactly what he did?
Electropolishing appears to be a very common process, which is used for about all medical applications using stainless steel, and likely for a lot of applications in food processing, too. So, I guess it should not be too hard to find a company nearby which can do that.
What would it take just a power source some acid a small tub and the material needed to plate with. Don't think it would be to hard to set up, years ago I used to do anodizing of aluminum. :D

lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #36, on September 4th, 2013, 11:28 PM »
Quote from Dog-One on September 4th, 2013, 01:30 PM
Excellent.

Okay, refresh my memory.

Inner tube, is that anode or cathode?

Which, anode or cathode needs the electropolishing?
The anode is the one connected to the positive of the power supply. I think that is usually the inner tube, so that one needs electropolishing.

However, we are not so much conserned about the capacity of the system and a layer on the negative plate can also be polarized and thus we can get hydrogen production at both plate surfaces. So, I would just do both. Electropolishing gives a very smooth surface, so it probably also helps to prevent gas bubbles sticking to the surface.

It may be that the negative plate wears out faster than the other one, but I don't think that is much of a concern, especially at this moment.

@Jeff:
The process does not seem to be very difficult to do, but it is probably a good idea to have this done by a specialized company. It is important to get rid of iron and nickel contaminations as much as possible, so addional steps may be required. And it may also require quite a lot of experimentation to find the optimal process parameters, like current, electrolyte composition, etc.

So, itis possible to do it yourself, but YMMV and quite some tinkering may be required before you get it right. OTOH: that may just as well be the fun and challenge of it! :D

lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #37, on September 6th, 2013, 02:30 AM »
Let me share an excerpt of an email I sent to someone interested in this stuff:

There are a lot of details around the electro-magnetic field and electricity which are actually not well understood. The idea that electricity is basically the effort of "pumping charge carriers" trough wires - hydraulics analogy -  is fundamentally flawed. See this demonstration to get an idea how flawed the hydraulics analogy really is:

/watch?v=9ckpQW9sdUg

In actual fact, the very foundation of main stream physics, the Maxwell equations in their currently accepted form, is fundamentally flawed which leads to the conclusion that both Einstein's relativity theory as well as Quantum Mechanics are both fundamentally flawed:

http://www.tuks.nl/wiki/pmwiki.php/Main/Ruins96YearsEinsteinRelativity
http://www.tuks.nl/wiki/pmwiki.php/Main/QuestioningQuantumMechanics

We need to return to aether physics, the only theory we have which has actually not been falsified to date, in order to get not only an intuitive understanding of physics, but also to get the long sought for "unification of physics". Paul Stowe did an excellent job in laying the foundation for such a theory, which is essentially an extension of Maxwell's aether model. The most important difference between Stowe and Maxwell is that Stowe's aether is compressible:

http://www.tuks.nl/wiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StowePersonalEMail
(see menu bar at the right for more work by Stowe)

Returning to electronics, it is most important to realize that there are actually two distinct flows of energy involved, one of which is totally being ignored by the hydraulics analogy:

1) Mass-bound flows of "charge carriers", that what we consider to be "currents";
2) Mass-less movements of the aether itself, by means of steady-state flows and waves propagating trough it.

With Stowe's work, we can understand that magnetism is a rotational movement in/of the aether. And because of the way we model the electro-magnetic fields, we only consider phenomena that are fundamentally associated with this rotational  "magnetic" component. What is missing, is the existence non-rotational, non-magnetic, movements in/of the aether. One of which is the fact that the electro"static" field actually propagates with the speed of light, or perhaps even sqrt(3) times c. The other one are Tesla's longitudinal (di)electric waves, which do propagate at a speed of sqrt(3) times the speed of light.

Now because of the assumption longitudinal dielectric waves cannot propagate trough "the vacuum" we get to the situation that the famous "dual slit experiment" has been misinterpreted and thus we got Quantum Mechanics with ideas like "entanglement" which break just about all fundamental laws of Physics.

While it is awfully hard to fully understand the details of what is exactly going on, it is not very hard to understand that the electro"static" field is actually some kind of steady state flow in/of the aether and thus transports energy. Now this is a mass-less flow of energy whereby, according to Prof. Turtur, the energy needed to sustain this energy flow is circulated and converted to/from what is known as "zero point energy" by "charge carriers" and the "losses" or "resistance" of the aether:

http://www.wbabin.net/physics/turtur1e.pdf

All right. Now the basic concept is that when you have a separation of charges, a dipole, you get a "static" electric field, which is a dynamic force - a steady state flow of aether - and transports/contains energy. Since this energy flow is not part of the hydraulic analogy we normally work with, we are dealing with an energy flow that can be controlled/manipulated by means of "separating charges".

That leads us to the conclusion that we have two separate energy flows available which we can use for splitting water into a usable fuel:

1) mass-based "charge carrier" currents, involving electron flows;
2) the electro-"static" "field".

Both energy flows can be used of course, BUT the first option falls within the hydraulic analogy, which means you will never ever be able to create a COP>1 system whereby you can extract "excess energy" from somewhere, with "somewhere" being the aether/vacuum/etc. I'm afraid your setup with "discharging" falls under this category....

So, option 2 is clearly the way to go.

The way to do that is to make use of "dielectric breakdown", which occurs in a dielectric - such as water - when a very strong electric field is present. For water, this happens at field strengths in the order of 70 kV/mm or 70 V/um. Note the per mm and per um. There is a *distance* involved.

In other words, if you were to make a capacitor with perfectly insulated plates and a distance of 1 mm between the plates, you would need in the order of 100 kV in order to reach the desired field strength. This is essentially what Eccless did, even though he used a double layer of plates steered out of phase:

http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Patents/Eccles%20-%20Fracture%20Cell%20Apparatus%20-%20GB%202.324.307A.pdf
http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Patents/Eccles%20-%20Fracture%20Cell%20Apparatus%20-%20OCR%20remake%20GB2324307A.pdf

Now there are no perfect insulators, so all practical insulators are also dielectrics with a certain permittivity:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permittivity

A table with some values for this permittivity relative to vacuum can be found here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity

So, when you apply an electric field across an insulating layer, the molecules inside the material get polarized and this actually opposes the applied field. This is why a dielectric layer in a normal capacitor increases the capacity.

However, when the externally applied field is suddenly removed, the molecules cannot instantly "de-polarize" and an effect known as dielectric relaxation occurs:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric#Dielectric_relaxation

During the delay, we get an electric field in the opposite direction as the externally applied field, with a field strength depending on the geometry of the capacitor, the permittivity of the dielectric material and the relaxation parameters. Now because water is also a dielectric, things get pretty complicated, especially because there are also ions within water which make it a conductor to a certain degree, depending on the concentration of contaminations/ions. However, when enough ions are present within the water, these will move trough the fluid such that they also oppose the field being present such that the resulting field within the fluid goes to zero.

In other words: when you have a capacitor construction, whereby you have metal plates with a layer of dielectric / insulation and "contaminated" water in between, the resulting field is to be found across the insulating layer.  And, the thickness of the layer determines the strength of the resulting field.

So, if you have an insulating layer of 0.1 mm thickness, you would need in the order of 7 kV to come with in the area of fields with sufficient strengths. But if you have a layer of 1 um thickness, you would only need in the order of 70 V.

Of course, this is just an indication to illustrate the importance of using a thin layer which does not take any dynamics or specific parameters into account...


Lynx

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #38, on September 6th, 2013, 03:53 AM »
Very interesting, thanks for sharing
Maybe if the tubes (or plates) were to be subjected to a "shock" high voltage pulse train the first few pulses would lead to "traditional" brute force electrolysis and as the pulses keeps on coming with ever increasing amplitudes the whole thing would end up fracturing the water into H2 and O2 instead........?
That's some food for thought right there

lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #39, on September 6th, 2013, 04:27 AM »Last edited on September 6th, 2013, 04:29 AM by lamare
Quote from Lynx on September 6th, 2013, 03:53 AM
Very interesting, thanks for sharing
Maybe if the tubes (or plates) were to be subjected to a "shock" high voltage pulse train the first few pulses would lead to "traditional" brute force electrolysis and as the pulses keeps on coming with ever increasing amplitudes the whole thing would end up fracturing the water into H2 and O2 instead........?
That's some food for thought right there
Well, the polarization of a dielectric is proportional to the strength of an applied electric field:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_density
Quote
In a homogeneous linear and isotropic dielectric medium, the polarization is aligned with and proportional to the electric field E.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility
Quote
In electromagnetism, the electric susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree of polarization of a dielectric material in response to an applied electric field. The greater the electric susceptibility, the greater the ability of a material to polarize in response to the field, and thereby reduce the total electric field inside the material (and store energy). It is in this way that the electric susceptibility influences the electric permittivity of the material and thus influences many other phenomena in that medium, from the capacitance of capacitors to the speed of light.
[...]
Electric susceptibility is defined as the constant of proportionality (which may be a tensor) relating an electric field E to the induced dielectric polarization density P.
Now when you realize that there are these two distinct energy flows acting upon the circuit, whereby the electric field propagates with the speed of light and the mass-based electron current goes much, much slower, then it is clear that:

1) the field causes the electrons to move;
2) the propagation of the field comes first and goes very fast.

So, when you suddenly "discharge" a high voltage capacitor over a spark gap or "discharge" a magnetized coil by suddenly switching of the current magnetizing the coil, you first get a shockwave in the shape of an electric field propagating along/trough your wires and then nano-seconds later you get the actual mass-based current "discharge".

Now because across the wave front of this shockwave you get a very big electric field over a very tiny volume, this is capable of super-polarizing the dielectric layer such that it gets polarized much stronger compared with charging the capacitor with nice gentle DC current.

And this effect can be very strong up to such a degree that the relaxation effect, the "de-polarization" of the dielectric, can take a considerable amount of time. Bedini reported "cold boiling" batteries which kept on producing H2/O2 gas for up to half an hour *after* shutting down the power supply.

Once again, it's very complicated to predict and calculate all the details beforehand, but it is clear that because of the difference in propagation speeds between electron flows and the aether as well as reaction times of the dielectric and ions in the fluid, one can create a situation for a certain amount of time wherein hardly any current passes trough the insulating dielectric in/out the fluid, BUT you have the presence of an electric field resulting from the polarization of the dielectric layer such that it is strong enough to rip electrons of the water molecules and thus create a "cold plasma", a.k.a. "the glow" as being a/o observed in old-school rectifiers.

In other words: one can create a situation whereby a polarized dielectric layer creates a strong enough electric field within the fluid such that we get "dielectric breakdown" a.k.a. "cold plasma", whereby water molucules are ripped apart and electrons are freed. This results in a number of chemical reactions whereby H2 and O2 gas is formed.

Lynx

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #40, on September 6th, 2013, 06:12 AM »
Ok, so extremely short high voltage pulses bombarding the cell could perhaps do the trick then?

I'm all for any explanation where all the prereqs are there when what I would like to call the Meyer way of turning water into H2 and O2 takes place, which is when high voltage is applied to the cell, low current is going through the cell, no heat is generated in the cell during the process and the greatest flow of gases takes place with regards to the applied electric effect being put into the cell.

Anyway, good job Lamare, if it wasn't for the ones thinking outside the box we'd still be in the caves freezing our butts of during the winter

lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #41, on September 6th, 2013, 06:52 AM »
Quote from Lynx on September 6th, 2013, 06:12 AM
Ok, so extremely short high voltage pulses bombarding the cell could perhaps do the trick then?

I'm all for any explanation where all the prereqs are there when what I would like to call the Meyer way of turning water into H2 and O2 takes place, which is when high voltage is applied to the cell, low current is going through the cell, no heat is generated in the cell during the process and the greatest flow of gases takes place with regards to the applied electric effect being put into the cell.

Anyway, good job Lamare, if it wasn't for the ones thinking outside the box we'd still be in the caves freezing our butts of during the winter
Well, it's actually the rising edge of the pulse that does the magic of strongly polarizing the dielectric, which creates your energy source in the shape of a strong electric field capable of creating a "cold plasma" in the water. And actually, there's two opposing pulses entering the WFC from the opposite terminals of the transformer.

So, that is the trick to extract energy out of the environment thus powering the water splitting process.

Another point is the question of how to achieve the greatest possible flow of gasses. In order to achieve that, the fluid needs to be kept in motion. And the means to do that is to get the fluid within the pipes in acoustic resonance. So, from an acoustic point of view, the pipes act as organ pipes. When you get these in acoustic resonance, the fluid keeps in motion in a way which costs little energy, because of the resonance. And because of the motion, lots of water molecules enter/leave the "cold plasma" zone around the dielectric and a certain percentage of these will split into H2 O2 gasses.

So, the on/off rythm of the high voltage pulse train needs to be done at one of the acoustic resonance frequencies of the "organ pipes", whereby we get sound waves propagating trough the water.


Matt Watts

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #42, on September 6th, 2013, 07:45 AM »
So when lamare has done some great detective work and describes the scenario needed to make this all happen, then you you take a look at the apparatus in the first video here:
http://open-source-energy.org/?tid=1373

It tends to make you scratch your head.  Now granted in the video we don't see a source of high voltage, but we also don't know exactly what is inside that cell either--maybe an inductor.  We do know that that it flows constantly and that it is pulsed at 14.7kHz.  It might also be electroplated inside.  The guy also states the polarity of hooking it up is important and that it makes a plasma inside.  One can also suspect with those big wires going into the cell carrying pulsed DC, the potential for the LeClair Effect (cavitation) exists.

I can't speak for anyone else, but my gut tells me we are getting close to a breakthrough here.  The pieces are starting to come together.

lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #43, on September 9th, 2013, 03:04 AM »Last edited on September 9th, 2013, 03:04 AM by lamare
Quote from Dog-One on September 6th, 2013, 07:45 AM
So when lamare has done some great detective work and describes the scenario needed to make this all happen, then you you take a look at the apparatus in the first video here:
http://open-source-energy.org/?tid=1373

It tends to make you scratch your head.  Now granted in the video we don't see a source of high voltage, but we also don't know exactly what is inside that cell either--maybe an inductor.  We do know that that it flows constantly and that it is pulsed at 14.7kHz.  It might also be electroplated inside.  The guy also states the polarity of hooking it up is important and that it makes a plasma inside.  One can also suspect with those big wires going into the cell carrying pulsed DC, the potential for the LeClair Effect (cavitation) exists.

I can't speak for anyone else, but my gut tells me we are getting close to a breakthrough here.  The pieces are starting to come together.
Yes, that is a very interesting thread, wherein a/o the properties of Brown's gas or HHO are discussed. Wholeheartedly recommended for further insights!






Gunther Rattay

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #45, on September 9th, 2013, 02:09 PM »
Quote from lamare on June 4th, 2013, 04:58 AM
Quote from bussi04 on June 4th, 2013, 04:38 AM
Taking the results from Prof. Gerald Pollack into account that water builds up Exclusion Zones (EZ) with liquid crystalline structure of negative charge when in contact with another medium that might be the missing link to understanding the barrier concept as used in dielectric capacitors.
Thanks for posting!

I sent him an email.

-- Arend --
lamare,

you can meet gerald pollack at the DGEIM Symposium on Oct 12th to 13th as found here http://www.dgeim.de/page80/page22/page204/programm-lindau-2013.pdf

I would also go there but I´m at Global BEM at that time ...

I wish I could bilocate :-)


lamare

RE: Theoretic foundation: the electret effect
« Reply #46, on September 11th, 2013, 01:24 PM »
Posted a new thread with questioning whether or not the injector system actually ever worked, along with some circumstantial evidence suggesting he probably got his hand on some electropolished stainless and got that working, but has never been able to repeat that, because he did not know what was so special about these tubes which actually worked:

http://open-source-energy.org/?tid=1386